Morocco
Energy Transition in France
May 2022
Publication
To address the climate emergency France is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. It plans to significantly increase the contribution of renewable energy in its energy mix. The share of renewable energy in its electricity production which amounts to 25.5% in 2020 should reach at least 40% in 2030. This growth poses several new challenges that require policy makers and regulators to act on the technological changes and expanding need for flexibility in power systems. This document presents the main strategies and projects developed in France as well as various recommendations to accompany and support its energy transition policy.
Smart Energy Management System: Design of a Smart Grid Test Bench for Educational Purposes
Apr 2022
Publication
The presented article aims to design an educational test bench setup for smart grids and renewable energies with multiple features and techniques used in a microgrid. The test bench is designed for students laboratory engineers and researchers which enables electrical microgrid system studies and testing of new advanced control algorithms to optimize the energy efficiency. The idea behind this work is to design hybrid energy sources such as wind power solar photovoltaic power hydroelectric power hydrogen energy and different types of energy storage systems such as batteries pumped storage and flywheel integrating different electrical loads. The user can visualize the state of the components of each emulated scenario through an open-source software that interacts and communicates using OPC Unified Architecture protocol. The researchers can test and validate new solutions to manage the energy behavior in the grid using machine learning and optimization algorithms integrated in the software in form of blocks that can be modified and improved and then simulate the results. A model-based system of engineering is provided which describes the different requirements and case studies of the designed test bench respecting the open-source software and the frugal innovation features in which there is use of low-cost hardware and open-source software. The users obtain the opportunity to add new sources and new loads change software platforms and communicate with other simulators and equipment. The students can understand the different features of smart grids such as defect classification energy forecasting energy optimization and basics of production transmission and consumption.
An Overview of the Recent Advances in Composite Materials and Artificial Intelligence for Hydrogen Storage Vessels Design
Mar 2023
Publication
The environmental impact of CO2 emissions is widely acknowledged making the development of alternative propulsion systems a priority. Hydrogen is a potential candidate to replace fossil fuels for transport applications with three technologies considered for the onboard storage of hydrogen: storage in the form of a compressed gas storage as a cryogenic liquid and storage as a solid. These technologies are now competing to meet the requirements of vehicle manufacturers; each has its own unique challenges that must be understood to direct future research and development efforts. This paper reviews technological developments for Hydrogen Storage Vessel (HSV) designs including their technical performance manufacturing costs safety and environmental impact. More specifically an up-to-date review of fiber-reinforced polymer composite HSVs was explored including the end-of-life recycling options. A review of current numerical models for HSVs was conducted including the use of artificial intelligence techniques to assess the performance of composite HSVs leading to more sophisticated designs for achieving a more sustainable future.
Clean Technology Selection of Hydrogen Production on an Industrial Scale in Morocco
Nov 2022
Publication
Sustainable hydrogen production is a priority for Morocco and it’s part of the country’s national energy strategy which is currently being developed. Many processes can be used for its production. However it’s necessary to select the appropriate one for Morocco’s case. In this study a multi-criteria analysis was followed to select the best clean and renewable catalytic process for hydrogen production on an industrial scale. Ten routes were evaluated using the AHP method coupled with the Fuzzy Vikor method for criteria weighting and ranking of alternatives respectively. The results showed that alkaline water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy sources is the most suitable for industrial production in Morocco. The processes that are not well ranked and require further study and development before deployment on an industrial scale are biophotolysis photo fermentation photolysis and thermolysis. The parametric sensitivity analysis performed validated the result obtained. Then the potential for hydrogen production using solar energy is investigated. It was found that Morocco can produce 1057.26 million tons of green hydrogen showing how attractive the selected catalytic process is. This study enables investors and decision-makers to make an informed decision about whether to develop a green hydrogen production industrial installation in Morocco.
Performance Assessment of a Hybrid System with Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell for Cogeneration in Buildings
Jun 2020
Publication
The search for new fuels to supersede fossil fuels has been intensified these recent decades. Among these fuels hydrogen has attracted much interest due to its advantages mainly cleanliness and availability. It can be produced from various raw materials (e.g. water biomass) using many resources mainly water electrolysis and natural gas reforming. However water electrolysis combined with renewable energy sources is the cleanest way to produce hydrogen while reducing greenhouse gases. Besides hydrogen can be used by fuel cells for producing both electrical and thermal energy. The aim of this work was towards efficient integration of this system into energy efficient buildings. The system is comprised of a photovoltaic system hydrogen electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating as a cogeneration system to provide the building with both electricity and thermal energy. The system’s modeling simulations and experimentations were first conducted over a short-run period to assess the system’s performance. Reported results show the models’ accuracy in analyzing the system’s performance. We then used the developed models for long-run testing of the hybrid system. Accordingly the system’s electrical efficiency was almost 32%. Its overall efficiency reached 64.5% when taking into account both produced electricity and thermal energy.
Techno-economic Investigation of Electricity and Hydrogen Production from Wind Energy in Casablanca, Morocco
Dec 2018
Publication
The aim of this study is to investigate the technical and economic potential of electricity and hydrogen production in Casablanca Morocco. For this reason we simulated the performance of a 4.2 MWp wind turbine if installed in Casablanca. The results show that the electricity and hydrogen production varies greatly through the year due to the high fluctuation in wind speed. The annual electricity and hydrogen production is 29.16 GWh and 555 Tons respectively. As for the levelized cost of production the LCOE was found to be 0.24 $/kWh and the H2 LCO were equal to 13.52 $/Kg.
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