Multi-criteria Analysis Framework for the Optimal Localization of Power-to-gas Plants: A Case Study for Germany

A well-developed hydrogen infrastructure is a key element for the global energy transition. The strategic implementation of this infrastructure is challenging, due to the wide range of different criteria which need to be considered and analyzed. This paper presents a novel multi-criteria analysis framework for the optimal localization of power-to-gas (PtG) plants. The framework considers criteria such as renewable energy availability, hydrogen demand, proximity to existing gas infrastructure, and groundwater availability. A techno-economic model is integrated into the framework to evaluate the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for different electrolyzer technologies. Applying the developed framework to Germany, the potential of northern and northwestern Germany as suitable locations becomes apparent. In addition, LCOH for PtG plants at selected locations in Germany are evaluated depending on the year of commissioning. The large differences between present LCOH, ranging from 16.8 €/kg to 9.1 €/kg, illustrate the importance of an integrated techno-economic model.