Mexico

The increasing global energy demand and the transition toward sustainable energy systems have highlighted the importance of energy storage technologies by ensuring efficiency reliability and decarbonization. This study reviews chemical and thermal energy storage technologies focusing on how they integrate with renewable energy sources industrial applications and emerging challenges. Chemical Energy Storage systems including hydrogen storage and power-to-fuel strategies enable long-term energy retention and efficient use while thermal energy storage technologies facilitate waste heat recovery and grid stability. Key contributions to this work are the exploration of emerging technologies challenges in large-scale implementation and the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing Energy Storage Systems through predictive analytics real-time monitoring and advanced control strategies. This study also addresses regulatory and economic barriers that hinder widespread adoption emphasizing the need for policy incentives and interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings suggest that energy storage will be a fundamental pillar of the sustainable energy transition. Future research should focus on improving material stability enhancing operational efficiency and integrating intelligent management systems to maximize the benefits of these technologies for a resilient and low-carbon energy infrastructure.

Oceanic energy such as offshore wind energy and various marine energy sources holds signifi cant potential for generating green hydrogen through water electrolysis. Offshore-generated hydrogen has the potential to be transported through standard pipelines and stored in diverse forms. This aids in mitigating the variability of renewable energy sources in power generation and consequently holds the capacity to reshape the framework of electrical systems. This research provides a comprehensive review of the existing state of investigation and technological advancement in the domain of offshore wind energy and other marine energy sources for generating green hydrogen. The primary focus is on technical economic and environmental is sues. The technology’s optimal features have been pinpointed to achieve the utmost capacity for hydrogen production providing insights for potential enhancements that can propel research and development efforts forward. The objective of this study is to furnish valuable information to energy companies by pre senting multiple avenues for technological progress. Concurrently it strives to expand its tech nical and economic outlook within the clean fuel energy sector. This analysis delivers insights into the best operating conditions for an offshore wind farm the most suitable electrolyzer for marine environments and the most economical storage medium. The green hydrogen production process from marine systems has been found to be feasible and to possess a reduced ecological footprint compared to grey hydrogen production.

Hydrogen storage technologies are key enablers for the development of low-emission sustainable energy supply chains primarily due to the versatility of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. Hydrogen can be utilized in both stationary and mobile power applications and as a lowenvironmental-impact energy source for various industrial sectors provided it is produced from renewable resources. However efficient hydrogen storage remains a significant technical challenge. Conventional storage methods such as compressed and liquefied hydrogen suffer from energy losses and limited gravimetric and volumetric energy densities highlighting the need for innovative storage solutions. One promising approach is hydrogen storage in metal hydrides which offers advantages such as high storage capacities and flexibility in the temperature and pressure conditions required for hydrogen uptake and release depending on the chosen material. However these systems necessitate the careful management of the heat generated and absorbed during hydrogen absorption and desorption processes. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems provide a means to enhance the energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of metal hydride-based storage by effectively coupling thermal management with hydrogen storage processes. This review introduces metal hydride materials for hydrogen storage focusing on their thermophysical thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Additionally it explores TES materials including sensible latent and thermochemical energy storage options with emphasis on those that operate at temperatures compatible with widely studied hydride systems. A detailed analysis of notable metal hydride–TES coupled systems from the literature is provided. Finally the review assesses potential future developments in the field offering guidance for researchers and engineers in advancing innovative and efficient hydrogen energy systems.

Ammonia a molecule that is gaining more interest as a fueling vector has been considered as a candidate to power transport produce energy and support heating applications for decades. However the particular characteristics of the molecule always made it a chemical with low if any benefit once compared to conventional fossil fuels. Still the current need to decarbonize our economy makes the search of new methods crucial to use chemicals such as ammonia that can be produced and employed without incurring in the emission of carbon oxides. Therefore current efforts in this field are leading scientists industries and governments to seriously invest efforts in the development of holistic solutions capable of making ammonia a viable fuel for the transition toward a clean future. On that basis this review has approached the subject gathering inputs from scientists actively working on the topic. The review starts from the importance of ammonia as an energy vector moving through all of the steps in the production distribution utilization safety legal considerations and economic aspects of the use of such a molecule to support the future energy mix. Fundamentals of combustion and practical cases for the recovery of energy of ammonia are also addressed thus providing a complete view of what potentially could become a vector of crucial importance to the mitigation of carbon emissions. Different from other works this review seeks to provide a holistic perspective of ammonia as a chemical that presents benefits and constraints for storing energy from sustainable sources. State-of-the-art knowledge provided by academics actively engaged with the topic at various fronts also enables a clear vision of the progress in each of the branches of ammonia as an energy carrier. Further the fundamental boundaries of the use of the molecule are expanded to real technical issues for all potential technologies capable of using it for energy purposes legal barriers that will be faced to achieve its deployment safety and environmental considerations that impose a critical aspect for acceptance and wellbeing and economic implications for the use of ammonia across all aspects approached for the production and implementation of this chemical as a fueling source. Herein this work sets the principles research practicalities and future views of a transition toward a future where ammonia will be a major energy player.

A new type of hydrogen produced in situ in petroleum reservoirs is proposed. This technology is based on ex situ catalytic gasification of biomass combining two thermal enhanced oil recovery techniques currently used in industrial fields: cyclic steam stimulation and in situ combustion. This hydrogen named “light-blue hydrogen” is produced in reservoirs like naturally occurring white hydrogen and from fossil fuels like blue hydrogen. The color light blue results from the blending of white and blue. This approach is particularly suitable for mature petroleum reservoirs which are in the final stages of production or no longer producing oil. This manuscript describes the method for producing light-blue hydrogen in situ its commercial application prospects and the challenges for developing and scaling up this technology.