Multiphysics Modeling of Electrolyzers under Dynamic Converter Operation

The integration of electrolyzers into modern power systems is a critical step toward sustainable hydrogen production. However, their dynamic power consumption and stringent operational constraints present considerable challenges. This article proposes a comprehensive multiphysics model of an alkaline electrolyzer, emphasizing its interaction with a power electronic converter to ensure efficient and reliable power delivery. The study incorporates electrochemical principles to develop mathematical models that accurately represent the alkaline electrolyzer’s electrical behavior and dynamic response. A single-stage active front-end (AFE) rectifier based on SiC MOSFETs is employed as the power electronic interface, offering improved energy efficiency, enhanced system stability, and reduced power quality issues compared to conventional approaches. Experimental results validate the performance of the proposed alkaline electrolyzer and converter models, highlighting the potential for effective integration of alkaline electrolyzers into converter-based systems within renewable energy environments.