Prospects for the Development of Hydrogen Technologies: A Study of Projects in Europe and Australia

This study examines the development of hydrogen energy technologies across continents, focusing on the concentration of expertise in hydrogen production within specific cross-border alliances and individual countries. The evolution of green hydrogen is assessed through an analysis of 297 hydrogen projects in Europe and Australia. The implementation of projects is constrained by high production costs, limiting the price competitiveness of the final product. The analysis reveals that electrolysis is the predominant technology employed in hydrogen production, with mobility being the primary area of application. The study includes a forecast indicating a significant decrease in auction prices for green hydrogen products due to economies of scale. Learning curve modeling confirms an expected reduction in auction prices by a factor of 2.5–3.7 over the next decade. However, delays in project implementation and the relocation of 49 projects across Australia. The results obtained indicate the existence of barriers implementation of hydrogen technologies. Although green hydrogen demonstrates strong potential for growth and scalability, realizing all announced projects will require enhanced policy support.