Publications

This paper mainly focuses on the optimal design of a grid-dependent and off-grid hybrid renewable energy system (RES). This system consists of Photovoltaic (PV) Wind Turbine (WT) as well as Fuel Cell (FC) with hydrogen gas tank for storing the energy in the chemical form. The optimal components sizes of the proposed hybrid generating system are achieved using a novel metaheuristic optimization technique. This optimization technique called Improved Artificial Ecosystem Optimization (IAEO) is proposed for enhancing the performance of the conventional Artificial Ecosystem Optimization (AEO) algorithm. The IAEO improves the convergence trends of the original AEO gives the best minimum objective function reaches the optimal solution after a few iterations numbers as well as reduces the falling into the local optima. The proposed IAEO algorithm for solving the multiobjective optimization problem of minimizing the Cost of Energy (COE) the reliability index presented by the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) and excess energy under the constraints are considered. The hybrid system is suggested to be located in Ataka region Suez Gulf (latitude 30.0 longitude 32.5) Egypt and the whole lifetime of the suggested case study is 25 years. To ensure the accurateness stability and robustness of the proposed optimization algorithm it is examined on six different configurations representing on-grid and off-grid hybrid RES. For all the studied cases the proposed IAEO algorithm outperforms the original AEO and generates the minimum value of the fitness function in less execution time. Furthermore comprehensive statistical measurements are demonstrated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Also the results obtained by the conventional AEO and IAEO are compared with those obtained by several well-known optimization algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). Based on the obtained simulation results the proposed IAEO has the best performance among other algorithms and it has successfully positioned itself as a competitor to novel algorithms for tackling the most complicated engineering problems.

Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) has emerged as a compelling route to sustainable hydrogen production leveraging the vast global reserves of seawater. However the inherently complex composition of seawater—laden with halide ions multivalent cations (Mg2+ Ca2+) and organic/biological impurities—presents formidable challenges in maintaining both selectivity and durability. Chief among these obstacles is mitigating chloride corrosion and suppressing chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) at the anode while also preventing the precipitation of magnesium and calcium hydroxides at the cathode. This review consolidates recent advances in material engineering and cell design strategies aimed at controlling undesired side reactions enhancing electrode stability and maximizing energy efficiency in DSE. We first outline the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic hurdles introduced by Cl⁻ and other impurities. This discussion highlights how these factors accelerate catalyst degradation and drive suboptimal reaction pathways. We then delve into innovative approaches to improve selectivity and durability of DSE—such as engineering protective barrier layers tuning electrolyte interfaces developing corrosion-resistant materials and techniques to minimize Mg/Ca-related precipitations. Finally we explore emerging reactor configurations including asymmetric and membrane-free electrolyzers which address some barriers for DSE commercialization. Collectively these insights provide a framework for designing next-generation DSE systems which can achieve large-scale cost-effective and environmentally benign hydrogen production.

Green hydrogen a zero-carbon emission fuel has become a real competitor to transform the energy market thanks to improvements in the electrolysis process decreased costs and the presence of renewable energy resources. Energy industries have shown considerable progress in hydrogen production due to the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge through algorithms AI-based models and data programs. These techniques can greatly enhance the production storage and transportation of hydrogen fuel. The main goal of this article is to demonstrate the recent technological advancements and the influence of various AI techniques algorithms and models on the hydrogen energy sector along with this further examination of the energy policies of countries like China Japan India and South Korea. The key challenges related to these energy policies are addressed through standardized datasets AI models and optimized environmental conditions. This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers engineers and practitioners interested in applying cutting-edge technologies to enhance hydrogen safety systems. AI-based models contribute to the overall shift towards a sustainable energy future by enhancing efficiency reducing costs and facilitating hydrogen energy commerce for Asian countries. This study accelerates the global investigation and tremendous applications of sophisticated machine-learning methodologies for producing renewable green hydrogen.

The utilization of renewable energy for hydrogen production presents a promising pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality in energy consumption. Water electrolysis utilizing pure water has proven to be a robust technology for clean hydrogen production. Recently seawater electrolysis has emerged as an attractive alternative due to the limitations of deep-sea regions imposed by the transmission capacity of long-distance undersea cables. However seawater electrolysis faces several challenges including the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) the competing chlorine evolution reaction (CER) processes electrode degradation caused by chloride ions and the formation of precipitates on the cathode. The electrode and catalyst materials are corroded by the Cl− under long-term operations. Numerous efforts have been made to address these issues arising from impurities in the seawater. This review focuses on recent progress in developing high-performance electrodes and electrolyser designs for efficient seawater electrolysis. Its aim is to provide a systematic and insightful introduction and discussion on seawater electrolysers and electrodes with the hope of promoting the utilization of offshore renewable energy sources through seawater electrolysis.

On this weeks episode we have Juergen Guldner General Program Manager Hydrogen Technology at BMW. The role of hydrogen in passenger vehicles has for many years been seen as a lonely pursuit for Toyota and Hyundai but the landscape is changing. With the Warrego from startup H2X the Ford H2 pick up the Grenadier/Defender F-Cell from INEOS and now the BMW IX5 it is clear that the race to net zero is far from settled!

In this episode the team dive into the what why and how of the BMW story towards one of the world’s most exciting zero emission vehicle offerings. We explore the details of the vehicle and its performance the reasons why BMW are exploring the potential for hydrogen and why now is the time they feel for hydrogen as a passenger vehicle solution to compliment BEV and finally the How or rather the plan for the testing and broader roll-out of not only the IX5 but also the infrastructure that supports it.

The podcast can be found on their website.

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in shale and tight reservoirs offers a promising solution for large-scale energy storage playing a critical role in the transition to a hydrogenbased economy. However the successful deployment of UHS in these low-permeability formations depends on a thorough understanding of the geomechanical and geochemical factors that affect storage integrity injectivity and long-term stability. This review critically examines the geomechanical aspects including stress distribution rock deformation fracture propagation and caprock integrity which govern hydrogen containment under subsurface conditions. Additionally it explores key geochemical challenges such as hydrogen-induced mineral alterations adsorption effects microbial activity and potential reactivity with formation fluids to evaluate their impact on storage feasibility. A comprehensive analysis of experimental studies numerical modeling approaches and field applications is presented to identify knowledge gaps and future research directions.

The exploration of green energy is a demanding issue due to climate change and ecology. Green energy hydrogen is gaining importance in the area of alternative energy sources. Many methods are being explored for this but most of them are utilizing other sources of energy to produce hydrogen. Therefore these approaches are not economic and acceptable at the industrial level. Sunlight and nuclear radiation as free or low-cost energy sources to split water for hydrogen. These methods are gaining importance in recent times. Therefore attempts are made to explore the latest updates in direct radiation water-splitting methods of hydrogen production. This article discusses the advances made in green hydrogen production by water splitting using visible and UV radiations as these are freely available in the solar spectrum. Besides water splitting by gamma radiation (a low-cost energy source) is also reviewed. Eforts are also made to describe the water-splitting mechanism in photo- and gamma-mediated water splitting. In addition to these challenges and future perspectives have also been discussed to make this article useful for further advanced research.

With the increasing warming of the atmosphere and the growth of energy consumption in the world new methods and highly efficient energy systems take precedence over conventional methods. This study concentrates on the proposition and techno-economical investigation of a hybrid wind-solar energy system encompassing flat plate solar collector for the purpose of clean hydrogen and electricity generation. The proposed system is a combination of flat plate solar collectors wind turbine organic Rankine cycle and proton exchange membrane electrolyser. Wind speed turbine inlet temperature incident solar irradiation and collector-related parameters including its surface area and fluid mass flow rate are selected decision variables the impacts of which on the exergy efficiency and exergy loss of the scheme are examined. The objective functions included total cost rate and total exergy efficiency. The Nelder-Mead optimization method and EES software were utilized to achieve the mentioned goals followed by a comparative case study was conducted for two cities with high potential in Iran. According to the optimization results the exergy efficiency of 13.35% was achieved while the cost rate was equal to $25.48 per hour respectively. According to the sensitivity analysis the increment in the solar collector area incident solar irradiation wind speed and turbine inlet temperature improved the system's technical performance. Furthermore the exergy loss analysis pointed out that the increment in the turbine inlet temperature not only improves the system's performance but also reduces the exergy loss. A comparison of the electricity production in Semnan and Isfahan showed that 1192613.4 and 1188897.6 of electricity were produced in the two cities in one year respectively. The city of Semnan with the production of 2762.86 kg/h of hydrogen presented better system performance compared to the city of Isfahan with 2757.004 kg/h of hydrogen.

BACKGROUND: Norway is facing the challenge of reducing transport emissions. High speed crafts(HSC) are the means of transport with highest emissions. Currently there is little literature or experienceof using hydrogen systems for HSC.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the economic feasibility of fuel cell (FC) powered HSC vs diesel and biodieseltoday and in a future scenario based on real world operation profile.<br/>METHOD: Historical AIS position data from the route combined with the speed-power characteristicsof a concept vessel was used to identify the energy and power demand. From the resulting data a suitableFC system was defined and an economic comparison made based on annual costs including annualizedinvestment and operational costs.<br/>RESULTS: HSC with a FC-system has an annual cost of 12.6 MNOK. It is 28% and 12% more expensivethan diesel and biodiesel alternative respectively. A sensitivity analysis with respect to 7 key design pa-rameters indicates that highest impact is made by hull energy efficiency FC system cost and hydrogen fuelcost. In a future scenario (2025–2030) with moderate technology improvements and cost developmentthe HSC with FC-systems can become competitive with diesel and cheaper than biodiesel.<br/>CONCLUSIONS: HSC with FC-systems may reach cost parity with conventional diesel in the period2025–2030.

The recent targets by different countries to stop the sales or registrations of internal combustion engines (ICE) have led to the further development of battery and fuel cell technologies to provide power for different applications. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using an integrated Lithium-Ion battery and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the prime mover for a case study of a 800 kW ferry with a total length of 50.8 m to transport 780 passengers for a distance of 24 km in 70 min. Accounting for five types of Lithium-Ion batteries and different numbers of PEMFCs twenty-five scenarios are suggested based on a quasi-static model. To perform the optimization the Performance Criterion of the Fuel cell–Battery integrated systems (PCFB) is introduced to include the effects of the sizes weights costs hydrogen consumption efficiency and power in addition to the number of fuel cells and the battery capacity. Results indicate that the maximum PCFB value of 10.755 (1/kg2m3 $) can be obtained once the overall size weight efficiency hydrogen consumption and cost of the system are 18 m3 11160 kg 49.25% 33.6 kg and 119.58 k$ respectively using the Lithium Titanite Oxide (LTO) Lithium-Ion battery with nine PEMFCs.