Institution of Gas Engineers & Managers
Energy Transition Technology Comes With New Process Safety Challenges and Risks
Jul 2023
Publication
This paper intends to give an impression of new technologies and processes that are in development for application to achieve decarbonization and about which less or no experience on associated hazards exists in the process industry. More or less an exception is hydrogen technology because its hazards are relatively known and there is industry experience in handling it safely but problems will arise when it is produced stored and distributed on a large Read More
Thermal Sprayed Protective Coatings for Bipolar Plates of Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysis Cells
Mar 2024
Publication
As one core component in hydrogen fuel cells and water electrolysis cells bipolar plates (BPs) perform multiple important functions such as separating the fuel and oxidant flow providing mechanical support conducting electricity and heat connecting the cell units into a stack etc. On the path toward commercialization the manufacturing costs of bipolar plates have to be substantially reduced by adopting low-cost and easy-to-process metallic m Read More
Assessment of Selected Alternative Fuels for Spanish Navy Ships According to Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Dec 2023
Publication
Climate change and environmental degradation are growing concerns in today’s society which has led to greater awareness and responsibility regarding the need to adopt sustainable practices. The European Union has established the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 which implies a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors. To achieve this goal renewable energies the circular economy and energy efficiency are bein Read More
The Effect of Natural Ventilation through Roof Vents Following Hydrogen Leaks in Confined Spaces
Sep 2023
Publication
Hydrogen energy is gaining global popularity as a green energy source and its use is increasing. However hydrogen has a rapid diffusion rate and a broad combustion range; thus it is vital to take safety precautions during its storage. In this study we examined the change of hydrogen concentration in a confined space exposed to a hydrogen leak according to the size of the leakage hole and the leakage flow rate assuming an extreme situation. In addition Read More
Hydrogen Sampling Systems Adapted to Heavy-duty Refuelling Stations' Current and Future Specifications - A Review
Sep 2024
Publication
To meet the new regulation for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure which sets targets for electric recharging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure by 2025 or 2030 a large infrastructure comprising trucksuitable hydrogen refuelling stations will soon be required. However further standardisation is required to support the uptake of hydrogen for heavy-duty transport for Europe’s green energy future. Hydrogen-powered vehi Read More
Temporal Regulation of Renewable Supply of Electrolytic Hydrogen
Feb 2024
Publication
Electrolytic hydrogen produced using renewable electricity can help lower carbon dioxide emissions in sectors where feedstocks reducing agents dense fuels or high temperatures are required. This study investigates the implications of various standards being proposed to certify that the grid electricity used is renewable. The standards vary in how strictly they match the renewable generation to the electrolyser demand in time and space. Using an energ Read More
Multiplier Effect on Reducing Carbon Emissions of Joint Demand and Supply Side Measures in the Hydrogen Market
Jun 2024
Publication
Hydrogen energy is critical in replacing fossil fuels and achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Three measures can be implemented to promote hydrogen energy: reduce the cost of low-carbon hydrogen through technological improvements increase the production capacity of low-carbon hydrogen by stimulating investment and enhance hydrogen use as an energy carrier and in industrial processes by demand-side policies. This article examines Read More
Gas Storage in Geological Formations: A Comparative Review on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Storage
Feb 2024
Publication
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage in geological formations at Gt scale are two promising strategies toward net-zero carbon emissions. To date investigations into underground hydrogen storage (UHS) remain relatively limited in comparison to the more established knowledge body of underground carbon dioxide storage (UCS). Despite their analogous physical processes can be used for accelerating the advancements in UHS technology the e Read More
Helping the Climate by Replacing Liquefied Natural Gas with Liquefied Hydrogen or Ammonia?
Apr 2024
Publication
The war in Ukraine caused Europe to more than double its imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in only one year. In addition imported LNG remains a crucial source of energy for resource-poor countries such as Japan where LNG imports satisfy about a quarter of the country’s primary energy demand. However an increasing number of countries are formulating stringent decarbonization plans. Liquefied hydrogen and liquefied ammonia coupled with carbon c Read More
Optimal Planning of Renewable Energy Park for Green Hydrogen Production Using Detailed Cost and Efficiency Curves of PEM Electrolyzer
Jul 2024
Publication
Installing multi-renewable energy (RE) power plants at designated locations known as RE parks is a promising solution to address their intermittent power. This research focuses on optimizing RE parks for three scenarios: photovoltaic (PV)-only wind-only and hybrid PV-wind with the aim of generating green hydrogen in locations with different RE potentials. To ensure rapid response to RE fluctuations a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is Read More
An Artificial Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnostics Approach for Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbines
Feb 2024
Publication
The utilization of hydrogen fuel in gas turbines brings significant changes to the thermophysical properties of flue gas including higher specific heat capacities and an enhanced steam content. Therefore hydrogen-fueled gas turbines are susceptible to health degradation in the form of steam-induced corrosion and erosion in the hot gas path. In this context the fault diagnosis of hydrogen-fueled gas turbines becomes indispensable. To the authors’ knowledge t Read More
Energy Efficiency of Hydrogen for Vehicle Propulsion: On- or Off-board H2 to Electricity Conversion?
Nov 2024
Publication
If hydrogen fuel is available to support the transportation sector decarbonization its usage can be placed either directly onboard in a fuel cell vehicle or indirectly off-board by using a fuel cell power station to produce electricity to charge a battery electric vehicle. Therefore in this work the direct and indirect conversion scenarios of hydrogen to vehicle propulsion were investigated regarding energy efficiency. Thus in the first scenario hydrogen is the fu Read More
Mitigating Emissions in the Global Steel Industry: Representing CCS and Hydrogen Technologies in Integrated Assessment Modelling
Dec 2023
Publication
We conduct a techno-economic assessment of two low-emissions steel production technologies and evaluate their deployment in emissions mitigation scenarios utilizing the MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. Specifically we assess direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace with carbon capture and storage (DRI-EAF with CCS) and H2-based direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace (H2 DRI-EAF) which utilizes low carbon hydrogen to Read More
Effect of Methane Addition on Transition to Detonation in Hydrogen-Air Mixtures Due to Shock Wave Focussing in a 90 - Degree Corner
Sep 2023
Publication
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of methane addition in methane-hydrogen-air mixture (φ = 0.8 – 1.6) on the critical conditions for transition to detonation in a 90-deg wedge corner. Similar to hydrogen-air mixtures investigated previously [1] methane-hydrogen-air mixtures results showed three ignition modes weak ignition followed by deflagration with ignition delay time higher than 1 μs strong ignition with instantaneous tra Read More
Profitability Model of Green Hydrogen Production on an Existing Wind Power Plant Location
Feb 2024
Publication
This paper presents a new economic profitability model for a power-to-gas plant producing green hydrogen at the site of an existing wind power plant injected into the gas grid. The model is based on a 42 MW wind power plant for which an optimal electrolyzer of 10 MW was calculated based on the 2500 equivalent full load hours per year and the projection of electricity prices. The model is calculated on an hourly level for all variables of the 25 yea Read More
A Renewable Power System for an Off-grid Sustainable Telescope Fueled by Solar Power, Batteries and Green Hydrogen
Jul 2023
Publication
A large portion of astronomy’s carbon footprint stems from fossil fuels supplying the power demand of astronomical observatories. Here we explore various isolated low-carbon power system setups for the newly planned Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope and compare them to a business-as-usual diesel power generated system. Technologies included in the designed systems are photovoltaics concentrated solar power diesel generators batt Read More
Net-zero Energy Management through Multi-criteria Optimizations of a Hybrid Solar-Hydrogen Energy Production System for an Outdoor Laboratory in Toronto
Apr 2024
Publication
Hydrogen production and storage in hybrid systems is a promising solution for sustainable energy transition decoupling the energy generation from its end use and boosting the deployment of renewable energy. Nonetheless the optimal and cost-effective design of hybrid hydrogen-based systems is crucial to tackle existing limitations in diffusion of these systems. The present study explores net-zero energy management via a multi-objective optimizatio Read More
A Novel LH2/GH2/Battery Multi-energy Vehicle Supply Station using 100% Local Wind Energy, Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspectives
Feb 2023
Publication
With the gradual maturity of wind power technology China’s wind power generation has grown rapidly over the recent years. However due to the on-site inconsumable electricity the phenomenon of large-scale “wind curtailment” occurs in some areas. In this paper a novel hybrid hydrogen/electricity refueling station is built near a wind farm and a part of the surplus wind power is used to charge electric trucks and the other part of the surplus power is us Read More
Intensification of Hydrogen Production: Pd–Ag Membrane on Tailored Hastelloy-X Filter for Membrane-Assisted Steam Methane Reforming
Dec 2023
Publication
H2 production via membrane-assisted steam methane reforming (MA-SMR) can ensure higher energy efficiency and lower emissions compared to conventional reforming processes (SMR). Ceramic-supported Pd–Ag membranes have been extensively investigated for membrane-assisted steam methane reforming applications with outstanding performance. However costs sealings for integration in the reactor structure and resistance to solicitation Read More
Energy, Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses on Hydrogen Production Systems Using High-temperature Gas-cooled and Water-cooled Nuclear Reactors
Dec 2023
Publication
The use of nuclear energy is inevitable to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels in the energy sector. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) are considered as a system suitable for the purpose of reducing the use of fossil fuels. Furthermore eco-friendly mass production of hydrogen is crucial because hydrogen is emerging as a next-generation energy carrier. The unit cost of hydrogen production by the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) method va Read More
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