Publications

This article takes the perspective of Hydrogen Load Aggregator (HLA) to optimize the declaration strategy of peak shaving market improve the flexible regulation capability of power system and HLA economy as the research objectives and proposes an optimization strategy method for HLA to participate in peak shaving market. Firstly an improved Convolutional Neural Networks–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) time series prediction model is developed to address peak shaving demand uncertainty. Secondly a bidding strategy model incorporating dynamic pricing is constructed by comprehensively considering electrolyzer regulation costs market supply–demand relationships and system constraints. Thirdly a market clearing model for peak shaving markets with HLA participation is designed through analysis of capacity contribution and marginal costs among different regulation resources. Finally the capacity allocation model is designed with the goal of minimizing the total cost of peak shaving among various stakeholders within HLA and the capacity won by HLA in the peak shaving market is reasonably allocated. Simulations conducted on a Python3.12-based experimental platform demonstrate the following: the improved CNN-LSTM model exhibits strong adaptability and robustness the bidding model effectively enhances HLA market competitiveness and the clearing model reduces system operator costs by 5.64%.

The transition to a sustainable energy future hinges on the development of reliable large-scale hydrogen storage solutions to balance the intermittency of renewable energy and decarbonize hard-to-abate industries. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in salt caverns emerged as a technically and economically viable strategy leveraging the unique geomechanical properties of salt formations—including low permeability self-healing capabilities and chemical inertness—to ensure safe and high-purity hydrogen storage under cyclic loading conditions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advantages of salt cavern hydrogen storage such as rapid injection and extraction capabilities cost-effectiveness compared to other storage methods (e.g. hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs aquifers and aboveground tanks) and minimal environmental impact. It also addresses critical challenges including hydrogen embrittlement microbial activity and regulatory fragmentation. Through global case studies best operational practices for risk mitigation in real-world applications are highlighted such as adaptive solution mining techniques and microbial monitoring. Focusing on China’s regional potential this study evaluates the hydrogen storage feasibility of stratified salt areas such as Jiangsu Jintan Hubei Yunying and Henan Pingdingshan. By integrating technological innovation policy coordination and cross-sector collaboration salt cavern hydrogen storage is poised to play a pivotal role in realizing a resilient hydrogen economy bridging the gap between renewable energy production and industrial decarbonization.

Due to the environmental impact of fossil fuels renewable energy such as wind and solar energy is rapidly developed. In energy systems energy storage units are important which can regulate the safe and stable operation of the power system. However different energy storage methods have different environmental and economic impacts in renewable energy systems. This paper proposed three different energy storage methods for hybrid energy systems containing different renewable energy including wind solar bioenergy and hydropower meanwhile. Based on Homer Pro software this paper compared and analyzed the economic and environmental results of different methods in the energy system through the case of a residential community in Baotou City. The result showed that (1) the use of batteries as energy storage in communities posed the lowest energy costs whose NPC was $197396 and LCOE was $0.159 consisting of 20 batteries 19.3 kW PV 6 wind turbines a 12.6 kW converter. (2) Lower fuel cell prices mean lower NPC and the increase in the Electric Load Scaled Average implied a decrease in LCOE and the increase of the NPC. (3) The use of fuel cells also had impacts on the environment such as resulting CO2 and SO2.

This study develops a photovoltaic (PV)-based hydrogen production system specifically designed for university campuses which is expected to lead in sustainability efforts. The proposed system aims to meet the electricity demand of a Hydrogen Research Center while supplying energy to an electric charging station and a hydrogen refueling station for battery-electric and fuel-cell electric vehicles operating within the campus. In this integrated system the electricity generation capacity of PV panels installed on the research center’s roof is determined and the surplus electricity after meeting the energy demand is allocated to cover the varying proportions needed for both electric charging station and hydrogen production system. The green hydrogen produced by the system is compressed to 100 350 and 700 bar with intermediate cooling stages where the heat generated at the compressor outlet is absorbed by a cooling fluid and repurposed in a condenser for domestic hot water production. A full thermodynamic analysis of this entirely renewable energy-powered system is conducted by considering a 9-hour daily operational period from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The average incoming solar radiation is determined to be 484.63 W/m2 resulting in an annual electricity generation capacity of 494.86 MWh. Based on the assumptions and data considered the energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed system are calculated as 17.71 % and 17.01 % respectively with an annual hydrogen production capacity of 3.642 tons. Various parametric studies are performed for varying solar intensity values and PV surface areas to investigate how the overall system capacities and efficiencies are affected. The results show that an integration of hydrogen production systems with solar energy offers significant advantages including mitigating intermittency issues found in standalone renewable systems reducing carbon emissions compared to fossil-based alternatives and enhancing the flexibility of energy systems.

This study presents a techno-economic and environmental optimization of hydrogen-based hybrid energy systems (HESs) for Broken Hill City Council in New South Wales Australia. Two configurations are evaluated: Configuration 1 includes solar PV battery fuel cell electrolyzer and hydrogen storage while Configuration 2 includes solar PV fuel cell electrolyzer and hydrogen storage but excludes the battery. The system is optimized using advanced metaheuristic algorithms such as Harris Hawks Algorithm (HHA) Red-Tailed Hawk Algorithm and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II while ensuring real-time supply–demand balance and system stability through a robust energy management strategy. This integrated approach simultaneously determines the optimal sizes of PV arrays battery storage (where applicable) fuel cells electrolyzers and hydrogen storage units and maintains reliable energy supply. Results show that HHA Configuration 1 achieves the lowest net present cost of $338111 a levelized cost of electricity of $0.185/kWh and a levelized cost of hydrogen of $4.60/kg. Sensitivity analysis reveals that PV module and hydrogen storage costs significantly impact system economics while improving fuel cell efficiency from 40% to 60% can reduce costs by up to 40%. Beyond cost-effectiveness life cycle analysis demonstrates annual CO2 emission reductions exceeding 500000 kg compared to an equivalent diesel generator system meeting the same load demand. Socio-economic assessments further indicate that the HES can support improvements in the Human Development Index by enhancing access to healthcare education and economic opportunities while also creating local jobs in PV installation battery maintenance and hydrogen infrastructure. These findings establish hydrogen-based HES as a scalable cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution for energy access in remote areas.

Enhancing the economics of microgrid systems and achieving a balance between energy supply and demand are critical challenges in capacity allocation research. Existing studies often neglect the optimization of electrolyzer efficiency and multi-stack operation leading to inaccurate assessments of system benefits. This paper proposes a capacity allocation model for wind-PV-hydrogen integrated microgrid systems that incorporates hydrogen production efficiency optimization. This paper analyzes the relationship between the operating efficiency of the electrolyzer and the output power regulates power generation-load mismatches through a renewable energy optimization model and establishes a double-layer optimal configuration framework. The inner layer optimizes electrolyzer power allocation across periods to maximize operational efficiency while the outer layer determines configuration to maximize daily system revenue. Based on the data from a demonstration project in Jiangsu Province China a case study is conducted to verify that the proposed method can improve system benefits and reduce hydrogen production costs.

Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) represent an intriguing alternative to battery electric vehicles (BEVs). While the acceptance of BEVs has been widely discussed acceptance-based recommendations for promoting adoption of FCVs remain ambiguous. This paper aims to improve our understanding by reporting results from a pioneer study based on the standardized Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). The sample consists of n1 = 258 registered customers of H2mobility in Germany. For effect control another n2 = 294 participant sample was drawn from the baseline population. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 and importance-performance mapping (IPMA). Results demonstrate that FCV acceptance primarily relies on Perceived Usefulness Perceived Conditions and Normative Influence while surprisingly hypotheses involving Perceived Risk and Green Attitude are rejected. Finally a discussion reveals ways to increase the level of public acceptance. Three practical strategies emerge. For future acceptance analyses the authors suggest incorporating the young concept of ‘societal readiness’.

Vietnam recognizes hydrogen as a key fuel for decarbonization under its National Hydrogen Strategy. Here we quantified the environmental and economic performance of Vietnam’s optimal hydrogen-production pathways by evaluating combinations of green and blue hydrogen under varying demand scenarios using life-cycle assessment and optimization modeling techniques. The environmental performance of hydrogen production proved highly sensitive to the electricity source with water electrolysis powered by renewable energy offering the most favorable outcomes. Although green hydrogen production reduced carbon emissions it shifted environmental burdens toward increased resource extraction. Producing 20 Mt of hydrogen by 2050 would require 741.56 TWh of electricity 178 Mt of water and USD 294 billion in investment and it would emit 50.48 Mt CO2. These findings highlight the importance of strategic hydrogen planning and resource strategy aligned with national priorities for energy transition to navigate trade-offs among technology selection emissions costs and resource consumption.

This paper presents a method for gas turbine performance calculations with alternative fuels with a particular focus on their use in aircraft engines. The effects of various alternative aviation fuels on fuel consumption CO2 emissions and contrail formation are examined in a comparative study. We use the GasTurb performance software and calculate heat release and hot section gas properties using a chemical equilibrium solver. Fuels with complex compositions are included in the calculation via surrogates of a limited number of known species that mimic the relevant properties of the real fuel. An automated method is used for the fuel surrogate formulation. We compare the results of this rigorous approach with the simplified approach of calculating the heat release using an alternative fuel’s heating value while still using the gas properties of conventional Jet A-1. The results show that the latter approach systematically overpredicts fuel consumption by up to 0.2% for aromaticsfree synthetic kerosene (e.g. “biofuels”). Overall aircraft engines running on alternative fuels tend to be more fuel efficient due to their often higher hydrogen contents and thus fuel heating values. We find reductions in fuel consumption of up to 2.8% during cruise when using aromatics-free synthetic kerosene. We further assess how alternative fuels affect contrail formation based on the Schmidt-Appleman criterion. Contrails can form 200 m lower under cruise conditions when burning aromatics-free synthetic kerosene instead of Jet A-1 with identical thrust requirements and under the same atmospheric conditions mainly due to their higher hydrogen content. In summary we present a flexible yet easy-to-use method for studying fuel effects in performance calculations that avoids small but systematic errors by rigorously calculating the heat release and hot section gas properties for each fuel.

Solar-driven water electrolysis has emerged as a prominent technology for the production of green hydrogen facilitated by advancements in both water electrolyzers and solar cells. Nevertheless the majority of integrated solar-to-hydrogen systems still struggle to exceed 20% efficiency particularly in large-scale applications. This limitation arises from suboptimal coupling methodologies and system-level inefficiencies that have rarely been analyzed. To address these challenges this study investigates the fundamental principles of solar hydrogen production and examines key energy losses in photovoltaic-electrolyzer systems. Subsequently it systematically discusses optimization strategies across three dimensions: (1) enhancing photovoltaic (PV) system output under variable irradiance (2) tailoring electrocatalysts and electrolyzer architectures for high-performance operation and (3) minimizing coupling losses through voltage-matching technologies and energy storage devices. Finally we review existing large-scale solar hydrogen infrastructure and propose strategies to overcome barriers related to cost durability and scalability. By integrating material innovation with system engineering this work offers insights to advance solar-powered electrolysis toward industrial applications.