Projects & Initiatives
HyDeploy Report: Summary of European Hydrogen Blending Projects
Jun 2018
Publication
Across Europe permitted blend levels of hydrogen blending into the gas grid are appreciably higher than that currently permitted in the UK up to 12% mol/mol compared with 0.1% mol/mol. Whilst there is some routine blending undertaking – typically power to gas applications three major projects have been undertaken to demonstrate operation of a gas distribution network at higher blend levels of hydrogen.<br/>A Dutch project was completed in 2011 which demonstrated successful operation into a network with new appliances at 20% mol/mol. A German project was completed in 2015 which demonstrated successful operation into an existing gas network with existing appliances at their permitted level of 10% mol/mol. In France an extensive programme is underway to inject hydrogen into a network at 20% mol/mol due to commence injection in 2018.<br/>Each of these projects undertook extensive pre-trial activities and operational data was collected during the Dutch and German trials. The programme of pre-trial work for the French project was particularly extensive and mirrored the work done by HyDeploy. This led to a permit being granted for the French project at 20% mol/mol with injection into the network imminent.<br/>The HyDeploy team has engaged with each of the project teams who have been very co-operative; this has enabled scientific sharing of best practice. In all cases the projects were successful. The participants in the Dutch project were particularly keen to have been able to undertake a similar trial to HyDeploy; a larger trial into existing appliances. However political changes in Holland have precluded that at this time such progress was not limited by technical findings from the work.<br/>A high level overview of the projects and the data provided is summarised in this report. More detailed information is referenced and covered in more detail where required in the appropriate individual topic reports supporting the Exemption.<br/>Click on supplements tab to view the other documents from this report
Transitioning to Hydrogen - Assessing the Engineering Risks and Uncertainties
Jun 2016
Publication
Transitioning to Hydrogen a joint report from five engineering organisations focuses on the engineering challenges of replacing natural gas in the gas distribution network with hydrogen in order to reduce emissions. The production of this report is timely following the commitment from Government this week to legislate for net zero emissions by 2050. It is expected that hydrogen will play a big part in the reduction of emissions from the heating transport and industrial sectors.<br/><br/>The report concludes that there is no reason why repurposing the gas network to hydrogen cannot be achieved but there are some engineering risks and uncertainties that need to be addressed. In the development of the report many questions were posed and members of IMechE IChemE IET and IGEM were surveyed to better understand the challenges faced by the hydrogen production and gas industries planning to undertake this ambitious transition. Further information was obtained from the Health and Safety Laboratories.<br/><br/>The report also highlights 20 ongoing projects in the UK that are looking at various aspects of hydrogen production distribution and use.
HyDeploy Report: Material Effects of Introducing Hydrogen into the UK Gas Supply
Jun 2018
Publication
Introduction of hydrogen into the UK gas main has been reviewed in terms of how materials within the Keele G3 gas distribution network (G3 GDN) on the Keele University network may be affected by contact with natural gas (NG):hydrogen blends up to a limit of 20 % mol/mol hydrogen.<br/>This work has formed part of the supporting evidence for a 1 year hydrogen blending trial on the Keele G3 GDN coordinated by the HyDeploy consortium (formed of representatives of Cadent Northern Gas Networks ITM Power Progressive Energy HSL and Keele University).<br/>A wide range of materials were identified and assessed via a combination of literature review and practical test programmes. No significant changes to material properties in terms of accelerated material degradation or predicted efficiency of gas confinement were identified which would cause concern for the year-long trial at Keele.<br/>It can be concluded that materials on the Keele G3 GDN should be acceptable to provide a safe operating network the HyDeploy demonstrator project up to a level of 20 % mol/mol hydrogen.<br/>Check the supplements tab for the other documents in this report
H21- Consumer and Gas Network Metering Phase 1: A Review of the Worldwide Hydrogen Meter Technologies and Applications
Feb 2018
Publication
There is no inherent property of hydrogen that makes it unsuitable for metering at distribution or transmission pressures. Towns gas containing large percentages of hydrogen was used for many years in the UK and continues to be in use in Hong Kong and Singapore. Many manufacturers sell their ordinary mechanical gas meters as suitable for hydrogen in a laboratory or industrial situation; unfortunately lack of demand has meant that none of these meters seem to have certified under appropriate metering regulations for gaseous hydrogen (e.g. the Measuring Instruments Directive)<br/>Some of the more sophisticated modern inferential meters (e.g. thermal or ultrasonic) currently designed specifically for natural gas (or LPG if suitably calibrated) are likely to unsuitable for repurposing directly to hydrogen but none of the problems appear fundamental or insuperable. The largest potential hurdle probably surrounds the physical size of current meters. A hydrogen appliance will consume about 3.3 more hydrogen than natural gas (on a volumetric basis) and using traditional designs this would have been measured through a meter probably too large to fit within an existing meter box. Unless unsolved such an increase in size would add materially to any hydrogen re-purposing programme.<br/>The meter trade thus need to be challenged to come up with a hydrogen meter that is the same physical size as a natural gas meter on a power rating basis (i.e. in kW). Ultrasonic and thermal mass meters should be included in the necessary Research and Development programme.<br/>A meter test programme is suggested that will provide evidence to meter manufacturers that the metering of hydrogen is not inherently difficult and thus convince them to make the necessary investments and/or approach the GDNO’s for assistance with such a programme.
Advancing Hydrogen: Learning from 19 Plans to Advance Hydrogen from Across the Globe
Jul 2019
Publication
Hydrogen as the International Energy Agency (IEA 2019) notes has experienced a number of ‘false dawns’ - in the 1970s 1990s and early 2000s - which subsequently faded. However this time there is reason to think that hydrogen will play a substantial role in the global energy system. The most important factor driving this renewed focus is the ability of hydrogen to support deep carbon abatement by assisting in those sectors where abatement with non-carbon electricity has so far proven difficult. Hydrogen can also address poor urban air quality energy security and provides a good means of shifting energy supply between regions and between seasons.
In response to these changed conditions many countries states and even cities have developed hydrogen strategies while various interest groups have developed industry roadmaps which fulfil a similar role.
This report summarises 19 hydrogen strategies and aims to help readers understand how nations regions and industries are thinking about opportunities to become involved in this emerging industry. Its prime purpose is to act as a resource to assist those involved in long-term energy policy planning in Australia including those involved in the development of Australia’s hydrogen strategy
The full report can be read on the Energy Network website at this link here
In response to these changed conditions many countries states and even cities have developed hydrogen strategies while various interest groups have developed industry roadmaps which fulfil a similar role.
This report summarises 19 hydrogen strategies and aims to help readers understand how nations regions and industries are thinking about opportunities to become involved in this emerging industry. Its prime purpose is to act as a resource to assist those involved in long-term energy policy planning in Australia including those involved in the development of Australia’s hydrogen strategy
The full report can be read on the Energy Network website at this link here
Hy4Heat Annex To Site Specific Safety Case for Hydrogen Community Demonstration - Work Package 7
May 2021
Publication
The Hy4Heat Safety Assessment has focused on assessing the safe use of hydrogen gas in certain types of domestic properties and buildings. The summary reports (the Precis and the Safety Assessment Conclusions Report) bring together all the findings of the work and should be looked to for context by all readers. The technical reports should be read in conjunction with the summary reports. While the summary reports are made as accessible as possible for general readers the technical reports may be most accessible for readers with a degree of technical subject matter understanding. All of the safety assessment reports have now been reviewed by the HSE<br/>Annex prepared to support Site Specific Safety Cases for hydrogen gas community demonstrations based on work undertaken by the Hy4Heat programme. It covers a collection of recommended risk reduction measures for application downstream of the Emergency Control Valve (ECV)
Economic Analysis of a High-pressure Urban Pipeline Concept (HyLine) for Delivering Hydrogen to Retail Fueling Stations
Nov 2019
Publication
Reducing the cost of delivering hydrogen to fuelling stations and dispensing it into fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) is one critical element of efforts to increase the cost-competitiveness of FCEVs. Today hydrogen is primarily delivered to stations by trucks. Pipeline delivery is much rarer: one urban U.S. station has been supplied with 800-psi hydrogen from an industrial hydrogen pipeline since 2011 and a German station on the edge of an industrial park has been supplied with 13000-psi hydrogen from a pipeline since 2006. This article compares the economics of existing U.S. hydrogen delivery methods with the economics of a high-pressure scalable intra-city pipeline system referred to here as the “HyLine” system. In the HyLine system hydrogen would be produced at urban industrial or commercial sites compressed to 15000 psi stored at centralized facilities delivered via high-pressure pipeline to retail stations and dispensed directly into FCEVs. Our analysis of retail fuelling station economics in Los Angeles suggests that as FCEV demand for hydrogen in an area becomes sufficiently dense pipeline hydrogen delivery gains an economic advantage over truck delivery. The HyLine approach would also enable cheaper dispensed hydrogen compared with lower-pressure pipeline delivery owing to economies of scale associated with integrated compression and storage. In the largest-scale fuelling scenario analyzed (a network of 24 stations with capacities of 1500 kg/d each and hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming) HyLine could potentially achieve a profited hydrogen cost of $5.3/kg which is approximately equivalent to a gasoline cost of $2.7/gal (assuming FCEVs offer twice the fuel economy of internal combustion engine vehicles and vehicle cost is competitive). It is important to note that significant effort would be required to develop technical knowledge codes and standards that would enable a HyLine system to be viable. However our preliminary analysis suggests that the HyLine approach merits further consideration based on its potential economic advantages. These advantages could also include the value of minimizing retail space used by hydrogen compression and storage sited at fuelling stations which is not reflected in our analysis.
Validation of GreenH2armony® as a Tool for the Computation of Harmonised Life-Cycle Indicators of Hydrogen
Apr 2020
Publication
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is often used to check the environmental suitability of hydrogen energy systems usually involving comparative studies. However these comparative studies are typically affected by inconsistent methodological choices between the case studies under comparison. In this regard protocols for the harmonisation of methodological choices in LCA of hydrogen are available. The step-by-step application of these protocols to a large number of case studies has already resulted in libraries of harmonised carbon energy and acidification footprints of hydrogen. In order to foster the applicability of these harmonisation protocols a web-based software for the calculation of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen has recently been developed. This work addresses—for the first time—the validation of such a tool by checking the deviation between the available libraries of harmonised carbon energy and acidification footprints of hydrogen and the corresponding tool-based harmonised results. A high correlation (R2 > 0.999) was found between the library- and tool-based harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen thereby successfully validating the software. Hence this tool has the potential to effectively promote the use of harmonised life-cycle indicators for robust comparative LCA studies of hydrogen energy systems significantly mitigating misinterpretation.
Great Expectations: Asia, Australia and Europe Leading Emerging Green Hydrogen Economy, but Project Delays Likely
Aug 2020
Publication
In July 2020 the European Union unveiled its new Hydrogen Strategy a visionary plan to accelerate the adoption of green hydrogen to meet the EU’s net-zero emissions goal by 2050. Combined with smaller-scale plans in South Korea and Japan IEEFA believes this could form the beginnings of a global green hydrogen economy.
Green hydrogen produced exclusively with renewable energy has been acclaimed for decades but ever lower solar electricity costs mean this time really is different.
We expect the EU’s initiative to find strong support as the proposed investment of €430bn by 2030 places it in pole position to develop a world-class green energy manufacturing industry and provides a vital bridge for energy transition by repurposing existing ‘natural’ gas pipelines and fossil-fuel dependent ports.
In the past year numerous green hydrogen projects have been proposed primarily in Asia Europe Australia.
We estimate there are 50 viable projects globally announced in the past year with a total hydrogen production capacity of 4 million tons per annum and renewable power capacity of 50 gigawatts (GW) requiring capex of US$75bn.
The paper can be download on the IEEFA website
Green hydrogen produced exclusively with renewable energy has been acclaimed for decades but ever lower solar electricity costs mean this time really is different.
We expect the EU’s initiative to find strong support as the proposed investment of €430bn by 2030 places it in pole position to develop a world-class green energy manufacturing industry and provides a vital bridge for energy transition by repurposing existing ‘natural’ gas pipelines and fossil-fuel dependent ports.
In the past year numerous green hydrogen projects have been proposed primarily in Asia Europe Australia.
We estimate there are 50 viable projects globally announced in the past year with a total hydrogen production capacity of 4 million tons per annum and renewable power capacity of 50 gigawatts (GW) requiring capex of US$75bn.
The paper can be download on the IEEFA website
Success Stories: A Partnership Dedicated to Clean Energy and Transport in Europe
Dec 2018
Publication
As 2018 marks the ten-year anniversary of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) it is inspiring to look back over the many accomplishments of the past decade. The projects described in these pages illustrate the approach of continuous learning exemplified by the FCH JU’s projects from creating low-carbon and sustainable solutions enabling market entry for new products developing ‘next generation’ products based on previous research to opening new markets for European expertise in fuel cell and hydrogen (FCH) technology.<br/>The FCH JU’s achievements are due in part to its multi-stakeholder structure: a public-private partnership between industry research and the European Commission. Industry-led research has pioneered new developments in FCH technology and brought many of them to the cusp of commercialisation. Market uptake from public authorities major companies and citizens alike has boosted confidence in these clean technologies establishing hydrogen as a cornerstone of Europe’s energy transition.<br/>DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS FOR A GREENER WORLD<br/>Citizens are at the heart of Europe’s Energy Union a strategy aimed at providing clean secure and affordable energy for all. For some years now and as a signatory to the Paris Agreement in 2015 the EU has been actively targeting reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
Hy4Heat Safety Assessment: Precis - Work Package 7
May 2021
Publication
The Hy4Heat Safety Assessment has focused on assessing the safe use of hydrogen gas in certain types of domestic properties and buildings. The summary reports (the Precis and the Safety Assessment Conclusions Report) bring together all the findings of the work and should be looked to for context by all readers. The technical reports should be read in conjunction with the summary reports. While the summary reports are made as accessible as possible for general readers the technical reports may be most accessible for readers with a degree of technical subject matter understanding. All of the safety assessment reports have now been reviewed by the HSE.<br/><br/>This document is an overview of the Safety Assessment work undertaken as part of the Hy4Heat programme
H21- Phase 1 Technical Summary Report
May 2021
Publication
The UK Government signed legislation on 27th June 2019 committing the UK to a legally binding target of Net Zero emissions by 2050. Climate change is one of the most significant technical economic social and business challenges facing the world today.
The H21 NIC Phase 1 project delivered an optimally designed experimentation and testing programme supported by the HSE Science Division and DNV GL with the aim to collect quantifiable evidence to support that the UK distribution network of 2032 will be comparably as safe operating on 100% hydrogen as it currently is on
natural gas. This innovative project begins to fill critical safety evidence gaps surrounding the conversion of the UK gas network to 100% hydrogen. This will facilitate progression towards H21 Phase 2 Operational Safety Demonstrations and the H21 Phase 3 Live Trials to promote customer acceptability and ultimately aid progress towards a government policy decision on heat.
DNV GL and HSE Science Division were engaged to undertake the experimentation testing and QRA update programme of work. DNV GL and HSE Science Division also peer reviewed each other’s programme of work at various stages throughout the project undertaking a challenge and review of the experimental data and results to provide confidence in the conclusions.
A strategic set of tests was designed to cover the range of assets represented across the Great Britain gas distribution networks. The assets used in the testing were mostly recovered from the distribution network as part of the ongoing Iron Mains Risk Reduction Replacement Programme. Controlled testing against a well-defined master testing plan with both natural gas and 100% hydrogen was then undertaken to provide the quantitative evidence to forecast any change to background leakage levels in a 100% hydrogen network.
Key Findings from Phase 1a:
The H21 NIC Phase 1 project delivered an optimally designed experimentation and testing programme supported by the HSE Science Division and DNV GL with the aim to collect quantifiable evidence to support that the UK distribution network of 2032 will be comparably as safe operating on 100% hydrogen as it currently is on
natural gas. This innovative project begins to fill critical safety evidence gaps surrounding the conversion of the UK gas network to 100% hydrogen. This will facilitate progression towards H21 Phase 2 Operational Safety Demonstrations and the H21 Phase 3 Live Trials to promote customer acceptability and ultimately aid progress towards a government policy decision on heat.
DNV GL and HSE Science Division were engaged to undertake the experimentation testing and QRA update programme of work. DNV GL and HSE Science Division also peer reviewed each other’s programme of work at various stages throughout the project undertaking a challenge and review of the experimental data and results to provide confidence in the conclusions.
A strategic set of tests was designed to cover the range of assets represented across the Great Britain gas distribution networks. The assets used in the testing were mostly recovered from the distribution network as part of the ongoing Iron Mains Risk Reduction Replacement Programme. Controlled testing against a well-defined master testing plan with both natural gas and 100% hydrogen was then undertaken to provide the quantitative evidence to forecast any change to background leakage levels in a 100% hydrogen network.
Key Findings from Phase 1a:
- Of the 215 assets tested 41 of them were found to leak 19 of them provided sufficient data to be able to compare hydrogen and methane leak rates.
- The tests showed that assets that were gas tight on methane were also gas tight on hydrogen. Assets that leaked on hydrogen also leaked
- on methane including repaired assets.
- The ratio of the hydrogen to methane volumetric leak rates varied between 1.1 and 2.2 which is largely consistent with the bounding values expected for laminar and turbulent (or inertial) flow which gave ratios of 1.2 and 2.8 respectively.
- None of the PE assets leaked; cast ductile and spun iron leaked to a similar degree (around 26-29% of all iron assets leaked) and the proportion of leaking steel assets was slightly less (14%).
- Four types of joint were responsible for most of the leaks on joints: screwed lead yarn bolted gland and hook bolts.
- All of the repairs that sealed methane leaks also were effective when tested with hydrogen.
Milford Haven: Energy Kingdom - System Architecture Report: A Prospering from the Energy Revolution Project
Nov 2021
Publication
Milford Haven: Energy Kingdom is a two-year project exploring what a decarbonised smart local energy system could look like for Milford Haven Pembroke and Pembroke Dock.
The project explores the potential of hydrogen as part of a multi-vector approach to decarbonisation. Central to the project and to achieving Net Zero is a commitment to engage with the community and local industry providing insight and opportunities for growth.
The ambition is to gather detailed insight into the whole energy system around Milford Haven to identify and design a future smart local energy system based on a truly multi-vector approach and comprehensive energy systems architecture.
The transition to Net Zero requires action across the economy. As the UK’s largest energy port Milford Haven is an industrial cluster that can handle 30% of total UK gas demand is home to Europe’s largest gas power station powering 3.5 million homes and businesses has ambitions to build 90MW of floating offshore wind supports 5000 jobs and injects £324m to the Pembrokeshire economy.
This work describes the outcomes of the effort to define designs of future energy system architectures combining; technology the interconnectivity between them and data; with markets trading platforms and policies; with business models and defined organisational governance. The aim of these designs is to provide:
The project explores the potential of hydrogen as part of a multi-vector approach to decarbonisation. Central to the project and to achieving Net Zero is a commitment to engage with the community and local industry providing insight and opportunities for growth.
The ambition is to gather detailed insight into the whole energy system around Milford Haven to identify and design a future smart local energy system based on a truly multi-vector approach and comprehensive energy systems architecture.
The transition to Net Zero requires action across the economy. As the UK’s largest energy port Milford Haven is an industrial cluster that can handle 30% of total UK gas demand is home to Europe’s largest gas power station powering 3.5 million homes and businesses has ambitions to build 90MW of floating offshore wind supports 5000 jobs and injects £324m to the Pembrokeshire economy.
This work describes the outcomes of the effort to define designs of future energy system architectures combining; technology the interconnectivity between them and data; with markets trading platforms and policies; with business models and defined organisational governance. The aim of these designs is to provide:
- The basis for a roadmap for the next phases of development and implementation
- Confidence to innovators and investors in the future longevity of investments in hydrogen and
- A common basis of understanding for all stakeholders wishing to contribute to the Milford Haven: Energy Kingdom.
Decarbonising the UK’s Gas Network - Realising the Green Power-to-hydrogen Opportunity in the East Network
Aug 2020
Publication
Although the UK has done a great job of decarbonising electricity generation to get to net zero we need to tackle harder-to-decarbonise sectors like heat transport and industry. Decarbonised gas – biogases hydrogen and the deployment of carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) – can make our manufacturing more sustainable minimise disruption to families and deliver negative emissions.
Developing the capability to produce hydrogen at scale is one of the key challenges in the race to meet the UK’s ambitious net zero targets. Using the East Neuk of Fife - with its abundant on- and offshore renewables resource and well-developed electricity and gas networks – as a test bed we investigated the use of surplus electricity generated by renewables to produce green hydrogen which could then be used to heat homes and businesses carbon-free.
Aims
The study focused on answering a number of important questions around bringing power-to-hydrogen to Fife including:
How much low-cost low-carbon electricity would be available to a power-to-hydrogen operator in Fife and how much hydrogen could be produced today and in 2040? How much hydrogen storage would be required to meet demand under three end-use cases: injection into the natural gas grid; use in a dedicated hydrogen grid for heating; and use as transport fuel for a small fleet of vehicles? What if any network upgrades could be avoided by implementing power-to-hydrogen? Which hydrogen end-use markets would be most attractive for a power-to-hydrogen operator? What are the regulatory legislative or market barriers to be overcome to realise large-scale deployment of power-to-hydrogen?
The study
Our expert researchers used a high-level model of the European electricity system and established wholesale prices generation volumes by generation type and constrained generation in Fife. Considering both the present day and a 2040 picture based on National Grid’s Two Degrees Future Energy Scenarios our team explored a number of configurations of power generation and hydrogen end-use to assess the value associated with producing hydrogen.
Alongside this modelling our team conducted a comprehensive review of power-to-hydrogen legislation and regulation and reports and academic papers to identify the current characteristics and direction of the sector observe where most progress had been made and identify lessons learned.
This report and any attachment is freely available on the ENA Smarter Networks Portal here. IGEM Members can download the report and any attachment directly by clicking on the pdf icon above.
Developing the capability to produce hydrogen at scale is one of the key challenges in the race to meet the UK’s ambitious net zero targets. Using the East Neuk of Fife - with its abundant on- and offshore renewables resource and well-developed electricity and gas networks – as a test bed we investigated the use of surplus electricity generated by renewables to produce green hydrogen which could then be used to heat homes and businesses carbon-free.
Aims
The study focused on answering a number of important questions around bringing power-to-hydrogen to Fife including:
How much low-cost low-carbon electricity would be available to a power-to-hydrogen operator in Fife and how much hydrogen could be produced today and in 2040? How much hydrogen storage would be required to meet demand under three end-use cases: injection into the natural gas grid; use in a dedicated hydrogen grid for heating; and use as transport fuel for a small fleet of vehicles? What if any network upgrades could be avoided by implementing power-to-hydrogen? Which hydrogen end-use markets would be most attractive for a power-to-hydrogen operator? What are the regulatory legislative or market barriers to be overcome to realise large-scale deployment of power-to-hydrogen?
The study
Our expert researchers used a high-level model of the European electricity system and established wholesale prices generation volumes by generation type and constrained generation in Fife. Considering both the present day and a 2040 picture based on National Grid’s Two Degrees Future Energy Scenarios our team explored a number of configurations of power generation and hydrogen end-use to assess the value associated with producing hydrogen.
Alongside this modelling our team conducted a comprehensive review of power-to-hydrogen legislation and regulation and reports and academic papers to identify the current characteristics and direction of the sector observe where most progress had been made and identify lessons learned.
This report and any attachment is freely available on the ENA Smarter Networks Portal here. IGEM Members can download the report and any attachment directly by clicking on the pdf icon above.
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: Joint Undertaking Programme Review 2016 Final Report
Jun 2017
Publication
The Fuel Cell and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (FCH 2 JU) organised the sixth edition of its Programme Review Days (PRD). 100 projects allocated in 6 panels covering cross-cutting energy and transport in research and demonstration activities have been the basis of the FCH JU's annual review of its research and innovation programme.
HyDeploy Overview
May 2020
Publication
An overview of the HyDeploy project at Keele University where hydrogen is being blended with natural gas to demonstrate the feasibility of using hydrogen to heat our homes.
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: Joint Undertaking Programme Review 2014 Final Report
Apr 2015
Publication
The 2014 Review is the fourth review of the FCH JU project portfolio. The reviews began in 2011 following a recommendation arising from the interim evaluation of the FCH JU which identified the need to ensure that the FCH JU project portfolio as a whole fulfilled the objectives of the Multi-Annual Implementation or Work Plan.
Development of Hydrogen Area Classification Data for Use in Village Trials
May 2023
Publication
The natural gas industry proposes carrying out trials on limited parts of the gas network using hydrogen as an alternative to natural gas as a fuel. Ahead of these trials it is important to establish whether the zones of negligible extent that are typically applied to natural gas systems could still be considered zones of negligible extent for hydrogen. The standard IGEM/UP/16 is commonly used by the natural gas industry to carry out area classification for low pressure gas systems for example as found in boiler houses. However IGEM/UP/16 is not applicable to hydrogen. Therefore IGEM commissioned HSE’s Science Division to develop some data that could be used to feed into an area classification assessment for the village trials.<br/>This report identifies two main elements of IGEM/UP/16 which may not apply to hydrogen and suggests values for hydrogen-specific alternatives. These are the ventilation rate requirements to allow a zone to be deemed of negligible extent and the definition of a confined space.
HyDeploy2 Project: Winlaton Trial Report
Sep 2022
Publication
The HyDeploy project seeks to address a key issue for UK customers and UK energy policy makers: how to reduce the carbon emitted from heating homes. The UK has a world class gas distribution grid delivering heat conveniently and safely to over 83% of homes. Emissions can be reduced by lowering the carbon content of gas through blending with hydrogen. This delivers carbon savings without customers requiring disruptive and expensive changes in their homes. It also provides the platform for deeper carbon savings by enabling wider adoption of hydrogen across the energy system. HyDeploy has previously delivered a successful trial demonstrations of repurposing existing UK distribution gas networks (Keele University) to operate on a blend of natural gas and hydrogen (up to 20% mol/mol) showing that carbon savings can be made through the gas networks today whilst continuing to meet the needs of gas consumers without introducing any disruptions.<br/>The ultimate objective of the HyDeploy programme is to see the roll-out of hydrogen blends across the GB gas distribution network unlocking 35 TWh pa of low carbon heat - the equivalent of removing 2.5 million fossil-fuelled cars off the roads. To achieve this the next phase of the programme is to address the remaining evidence gaps that had not been covered by the trial demonstration programmes.<br/>The demonstrations have focussed on the low and medium pressure tiers of the gas distribution network (i.e. injecting into a 2 bar gauge pressure network and distributing the blended gas down to the low pressure network and into people’s homes and commercial buildings and businesses) and predominantly serving domestic appliances.<br/>The remainder of the HyDeploy2 programme will generate an evidence base for GB’s gas distribution network which includes demonstrating the suitability of using hydrogen blended gas in the fields of industrial and commercial users and the performance of materials assets and procedures on the higher pressure tiers (i.e. 7 bar gauge operation and above).<br/>This report captures the details of the Winlaton trial and provides a future look to how the UK can transition from successful hydrogen blending trials to roll-out.
H21 Phase 2 Technical Summary Report
Jul 2023
Publication
The H21 Phase 2 research will provide vital evidence both towards the hydrogen village trial and potential town scale pilots and to the Government which is aiming to make a decision about the use of hydrogen for home heating by 2026.
The key objectives of the H21 Phase 2 NIC project were to further develop the evidence base supporting conversion of the natural gas distribution network to 100% hydrogen. The key principles of H21 NIC Phase 2 were to:
→ Confirm how we can manage and operate the network safely through an appraisal of existing network equipment procedures and network modelling tools.
→ Validate network operations on a purpose-built below 7 barg network as well as an existing unoccupied buried network and provide a platform to publicise and demonstrate a hydrogen network in action.
→ Develop a combined distribution network and downstream Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for 100% hydrogen by further developing the work undertaken on the H21 Phase 1 QRA and the Hy4Heat ‘downstream of ECV’ QRA.
→ Continue to understand how consumers could be engaged with ahead of a conversion. This programme was split into four phases detailed below:
→ Phase 2a – Appraisal of Network 0-7 bar Operations
→ Phase 2b – Unoccupied Network Trials
→ Phase 2c – Combined QRA
→ Phase 2d – Social Sciences
The project with the support of the HSE’s Science & Research Centre (HSE S&RC) and DNV successfully undertook a programme of work to review the NGN below 7 barg network operating procedures. The project implemented testing and demonstrations on the Phase 2a Microgrid at DNV Spadeadam and Phase 2b Unoccupied Trial site in South Bank on a repurposed NGN network to provide and demonstrate the supporting evidence for the required changes to procedures. Details of the outputs of the HSE S&RC procedure review and the evidence collected by DNV from the testing and demonstration projects is provided in detail in this technical summary report.
Due to the differences in gas characteristics between hydrogen and natural gas changes will be required to some of the operational and maintenance procedures the evidence of which is provided in this report. The Gas Distribution Networks (GDNs) will need to review the findings from this project when implementing the required changes to their operational and maintenance procedures.
The key objectives of the H21 Phase 2 NIC project were to further develop the evidence base supporting conversion of the natural gas distribution network to 100% hydrogen. The key principles of H21 NIC Phase 2 were to:
→ Confirm how we can manage and operate the network safely through an appraisal of existing network equipment procedures and network modelling tools.
→ Validate network operations on a purpose-built below 7 barg network as well as an existing unoccupied buried network and provide a platform to publicise and demonstrate a hydrogen network in action.
→ Develop a combined distribution network and downstream Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for 100% hydrogen by further developing the work undertaken on the H21 Phase 1 QRA and the Hy4Heat ‘downstream of ECV’ QRA.
→ Continue to understand how consumers could be engaged with ahead of a conversion. This programme was split into four phases detailed below:
→ Phase 2a – Appraisal of Network 0-7 bar Operations
→ Phase 2b – Unoccupied Network Trials
→ Phase 2c – Combined QRA
→ Phase 2d – Social Sciences
The project with the support of the HSE’s Science & Research Centre (HSE S&RC) and DNV successfully undertook a programme of work to review the NGN below 7 barg network operating procedures. The project implemented testing and demonstrations on the Phase 2a Microgrid at DNV Spadeadam and Phase 2b Unoccupied Trial site in South Bank on a repurposed NGN network to provide and demonstrate the supporting evidence for the required changes to procedures. Details of the outputs of the HSE S&RC procedure review and the evidence collected by DNV from the testing and demonstration projects is provided in detail in this technical summary report.
Due to the differences in gas characteristics between hydrogen and natural gas changes will be required to some of the operational and maintenance procedures the evidence of which is provided in this report. The Gas Distribution Networks (GDNs) will need to review the findings from this project when implementing the required changes to their operational and maintenance procedures.
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