Belgium
Production of H2-rich Syngas from Excavated Landfill Waste through Steam Co-gasification with Biochar
Jun 2020
Publication
Gasification of excavated landfill waste is one of the promising options to improve the added-value chain during remediation of problematic old landfill sites. Steam gasification is considered as a favorable route to convert landfill waste into H2-rich syngas. Co-gasification of such a poor quality landfill waste with biochar or biomass would be beneficial to enhance the H2 concentration in the syngas as well as to improve the gasification performance. In this work steam co-gasification of landfill waste with biochar or biomass was carried out in a lab-scale reactor. The effect of the fuel blending ratio was investigated by varying the auxiliary fuel content in the range of 15e35 wt%. Moreover co-gasification tests were carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1000°C. The results indicate that adding either biomass or biochar enhances the H2 yield where the latter accounts for the syngas with the highest H2 concentration. At 800°C the addition of 35 wt% biochar can enhance the H2 concentration from 38 to 54 vol% and lowering the tar yield from 0.050 to 0.014 g/g-fuel-daf. No apparent synergetic effect was observed in the case of biomass co-gasification which might cause by the high Si content of landfill waste. In contrast the H2 production increases non-linearly with the biochar share in the fuel which indicates that a significant synergetic effect occurs during co-gasification due to the reforming of tar over biochar. Increasing the temperature of biochar co-gasification from 800 to 1000°C elevates the H2 concentration but decreases the H2/CO ratio and increases the tar yield. Furthermore the addition of biochar also enhances the gasification efficiency as indicated by increased values of the energy yield ratio.
Property Optimization in As-Quenched Martensitic Steel by Molybdenum and Niobium Alloying
Apr 2018
Publication
Niobium microalloying is the backbone of modern low-carbon high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel metallurgy providing a favorable combination of strength and toughness by pronounced microstructural refinement. Molybdenum alloying is established in medium-carbon quenching and tempering of steel by delivering high hardenability and good tempering resistance. Recent developments of ultra-high strength steel grades such as fully martensitic steel can be optimized by using beneficial metallurgical effects of niobium and molybdenum. The paper details the metallurgical principles of both elements in such steel and the achievable improvement of properties. Particularly the underlying mechanisms of improving toughness and reducing the sensitivity towards hydrogen embrittlement by a suitable combination of molybdenum and niobium alloying will be discussed.
Acorn: Developing Full-chain Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage in a Resource- and Infrastructure-rich Hydrocarbon Province
Jun 2019
Publication
Juan Alcalde,
Niklas Heinemann,
Leslie Mabon,
Richard H. Worden,
Heleen de Coninck,
Hazel Robertson,
Marko Maver,
Saeed Ghanbari,
Floris Swennenhuis,
Indira Mann,
Tiana Walker,
Sam Gomersal,
Clare E. Bond,
Michael J. Allen,
Stuart Haszeldine,
Alan James,
Eric J. Mackay,
Peter A. Brownsort,
Daniel R. Faulkner and
Steve Murphy
Research to date has identified cost and lack of support from stakeholders as two key barriers to the development of a carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) industry that is capable of effectively mitigating climate change. This paper responds to these challenges through systematic evaluation of the research and development process for the Acorn CCS project a project designed to develop a scalable full-chain CCS project on the north-east coast of the UK. Through assessment of Acorn's publicly-available outputs we identify strategies which may help to enhance the viability of early-stage CCS projects. Initial capital costs can be minimised by infrastructure re-use particularly pipelines and by re-use of data describing the subsurface acquired during oil and gas exploration activity. Also development of the project in separate stages of activity (e.g. different phases of infrastructure re-use and investment into new infrastructure) enables cost reduction for future build-out phases. Additionally engagement of regional-level policy makers may help to build stakeholder support by situating CCS within regional decarbonisation narratives. We argue that these insights may be translated to general objectives for any CCS project sharing similar characteristics such as legacy infrastructure industrial clusters and an involved stakeholder-base that is engaged with the fossil fuel industry.
The Impact of Climate Targets on Future Steel Production – An Analysis Based on a Global Energy System Model
Apr 2020
Publication
This paper addresses how a global climate target may influence iron and steel production technology deployment and scrap use. A global energy system model ETSAP-TIAM was used and a Scrap Availability Assessment Model (SAAM) was developed to analyse the relation between steel demand recycling and the availability of scrap and their implications for steel production technology choices. Steel production using recycled materials has a continuous growth and is likely to be a major route for steel production in the long run. However as the global average of in-use steel stock increases up to the current average stock of the industrialised economies global steel demand keeps growing and stagnates only after 2050. Due to high steel demand levels and scarcity of scrap more than 50% of the steel production in 2050 will still have to come from virgin materials. Hydrogen-based steel production could become a major technology option for production from virgin materials particularly in a scenario where Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is not available. Imposing a binding climate target will shift the crude steel price to approximately 500 USD per tonne in the year 2050 provided that CCS is available. However the increased prices are induced by CO2 prices rather than inflated production costs. It is concluded that a global climate target is not likely to influence the use of scrap whereas it shall have an impact on the price of scrap. Finally the results indicate that energy efficiency improvements of current processes will only be sufficient to meet the climate target in combination with CCS. New innovative techniques with lower climate impact will be vital for mitigating climate change.
Hydrogen Act Towards the creation of the European Hydrogen Economy
Apr 2021
Publication
It is time that hydrogen moves from an afterthought to a central pillar of the energy system and its key role in delivering climate neutrality means it merits a dedicated framework. It becomes paramount to allow hydrogen to express its full potential as the other leg of the energy mobility and industry transitions. The proposed “Hydrogen Act” is not a single piece of legislation it is intended to be a vision for an umbrella framework aimed at harmonising and integrating all separate hydrogen-related actions and legislations. It focuses on infrastructure and market aspects describing three phases of development: the kick-start phase the ramp-up phase and the market-growth phase.
Investigation of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of T24 Boiler Tubing in the Context of Stress Corrosion Cracking of its Welds
Dec 2018
Publication
For the membrane and spiral walls of the new USC boilers the advanced T24 material was developed. In 2010 however extensive T24 tube weld cracking during the commissioning phase of several newly built boilers was observed. As the dominant root cause Hydrogen Induced - Stress Corrosion Cracking was reported. An investigation into the interaction of the T24 material with hydrogen was launched in order to compare its hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility with that of the T12 steel commonly used for older boiler evaporators. Both base materials and simulated Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) microstructures were tested. Total and diffusible hydrogen in the materials after electrochemical charging were measured. Thermo Desorption Spectrometry was used to gain insights into the trapping behaviour and the apparent diffusion coefficient at room temperature was determined. Based on the hardness and the diffusible hydrogen pick-up capacity of the materials it was concluded that T12 is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than T24 as base material as well as in the HAZ condition and that the HAZ of T24 is more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than the base material both in the as welded and in the Post Weld Heat Treated (PWHT) condition. However based on the results of this investigation it could not be determined if the T24 HAZ is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement after PWHT.
Calibrating a Ductile Damage Model for Two Pipeline Steels: Method and Challenges
Dec 2020
Publication
This work is part of a project that aims to develop a micromechanics based damage law taking into account hydrogen assisted degradation. A 'vintage' API 5L X56N and a 'modern' API 5L X70M pipeline steel have been selected for this purpose. The paper focuses on an experimental calibration of ductile damage properties of the well known complete Gurson model for the two steels in absence of hydrogen. A basic microstructural characterization is provided showing a banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure for both steels. Charpy impact tests showed splits at the fracture surface for the X70 steel. Double-notched round bar tensile tests are performed aiming to provide the appropriate input for damage model calibration. The double-notched nature of the specimens allows to examine the material state at maximum load in the unfailed notch and the final material state in the failed notch. Different notch radii are used capturing a broad range of positive stress triaxialities. The notches are optically monitored for transverse necking in two perpendicular directions (transverse to rolling and through thickness) to reveal any anisotropy in plastic deformation and/or damage. It is explained how the occurrence of splits at the segregation zone and anisotropy complicate the calibration procedure. Calibration is done for each steel and acceptable results are obtained. However the occurrence of splits did not allow to evaluate the damage model for the highest levels of tested stress triaxiality.
Market Segmentation of Domestic and Commercial Natural Gas Appliances
Jan 2021
Publication
The main goal of the project is to enable the wide adoption of H2NG (hydrogen in natural gas) blends by closing knowledge gaps regarding technical impacts on residential and commercial gas appliances. The project consortium will identify and recommend appropriate codes and standards that should be adapted to answer the needs and develop a strategy for addressing the challenges for new and existing appliances.<br/>This deliverable on market segmentation is part of work package 2 and provides a quantitative segmentation of the gas appliance market in terms of appliance population numbers. It therefore prepares the project partners to perform the subsequent selection of the most representative product types to be tested in the laboratories of the THyGA partners.<br/>The classification is developed to categorise appliances installed in the field based on available statistics calculation methods and estimations. As a result appliance populations are provided for each technology segment that draw a representative picture of the installed end-use appliances within the European Union in 2020.
Report on Socio-economic Impact of the FCH -JU Activities
Feb 2016
Publication
The FCH JU has with its industry and research partners worked since 2008 to develop and demonstrate FCH technologies along with development of the various business and environmental cases. It has involved a programme of increasingly ambitious demonstrations projects a consistent approach to research and development actions and a long term policy commitment. Developing the business and environmental cases for FCH technologies has created an increasingly compelling vision appealing to a range of stakeholders: to FCH technology businesses themselves assured by the long term commitment of the FCH JU to end users in terms of cost and operational performance potential and as critically to increasing numbers of policy and decision makers attracted by the substantial socio-economic benefits.
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: Joint Undertaking Programme Review 2014 Final Report
Apr 2015
Publication
The 2014 Review is the fourth review of the FCH JU project portfolio. The reviews began in 2011 following a recommendation arising from the interim evaluation of the FCH JU which identified the need to ensure that the FCH JU project portfolio as a whole fulfilled the objectives of the Multi-Annual Implementation or Work Plan.
Value Added of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Sector in Europe
Mar 2019
Publication
Fuel cells and hydrogen (FCH) could bring significant environmental benefits across the energy system if deployed widely: low carbon and highly efficient energy conversions with zero air quality emissions. The socio-economic benefits to Europe could also be substantial through employment in development manufacturing installation and service sectors and through technology export. Major corporations are stressing the economic and environmental value of FCH technologies and the importance of including them in both transport and stationary energy systems globally while national governments and independent agencies are supporting their role in the energy systems transition.
Recognising the potential economic and industrial benefits from a strong FCH supply chain in Europe and the opportunities for initiatives to support new energy supply chains the FCH 2 JU commissioned a study to evaluate for the first time the value added that the fuel cell and hydrogen sector can bring to Europe by 2030.
The outputs of the study are divided into three reports:
The Value Chain study complements the Hydrogen Roadmap for Europe recently published by the FCH 2 JU. This lays out a pathway for the large-scale deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells to 2050 in order to achieve a 2-degree climate scenario. This study also quantified socio-economic and environmental benefits but with important differences in scope between the two studies. The Hydrogen Roadmap for Europe looked at the wider picture quantifying the scale of FCH roll-out needed to meet the 2-degree scenario objectives. It assessed the socio-economic impacts of a sector of that scale looking top-down at the entire FCH value chain. The Value Chain study presented here is a narrower and more detailed bottom-up assessment of the value-added in manufacturing activities and the immediate ecosystem of suppliers that this is likely to create.
Recognising the potential economic and industrial benefits from a strong FCH supply chain in Europe and the opportunities for initiatives to support new energy supply chains the FCH 2 JU commissioned a study to evaluate for the first time the value added that the fuel cell and hydrogen sector can bring to Europe by 2030.
The outputs of the study are divided into three reports:
- A ‘Summary’ report that provides a synthetic overview of the study conclusions;
- a ‘Findings’ report that presents the approach and findings of the study;
- and an ‘Evidence’ report that provides the detailed background information and analysis that supports the findings and recommendations.
The Value Chain study complements the Hydrogen Roadmap for Europe recently published by the FCH 2 JU. This lays out a pathway for the large-scale deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells to 2050 in order to achieve a 2-degree climate scenario. This study also quantified socio-economic and environmental benefits but with important differences in scope between the two studies. The Hydrogen Roadmap for Europe looked at the wider picture quantifying the scale of FCH roll-out needed to meet the 2-degree scenario objectives. It assessed the socio-economic impacts of a sector of that scale looking top-down at the entire FCH value chain. The Value Chain study presented here is a narrower and more detailed bottom-up assessment of the value-added in manufacturing activities and the immediate ecosystem of suppliers that this is likely to create.
Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology- Europe's Journey to a Greener World
Nov 2017
Publication
On the occasion of its 10th Stakeholder forum the FCH JU published a unique and exclusive book. This book sets out the story behind both the FCH JU and fuel cell and hydrogen technology in Europe. It reviews the events leading to its creation and examines the achievements that have allowed Europe to take a leading role in fuel cell and hydrogen excellence. It also looks at what this investment in fuel cell technology will mean for the EU in the coming years
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: Joint Undertaking Programme Review 2013 Final Report
Mar 2014
Publication
The 2013 Programme Review is the third annual review of the FCH JU portfolio of projects. This edition covers over 100 projects funded through annual calls for proposals from 2008 to 2012.<br/>The Programme Review serves to evaluate the achievements of the portfolio of FCH JU-funded projects against FCH JU strategic objectives in terms of advancing technological progress addressing horizontal activities and promoting cooperation with other projects both within the FCH JU portfolio as well as externally.<br/>The 2013 Review confirms that the portfolio of projects supported within energy and transport pillars and within its cross-cutting activities is a solid one aligned with the FCH JU strategic objectives. Industry and research collaboration is strong with SMEs making up 30% of total participants. The continued expansion of demonstration activities in both pillars answers to a greater emphasis on addressing the commercialisation challenge which is bolstered by activities in basic and breakthrough research.
HIAD – Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database
Sep 2011
Publication
The Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD) is being developed as a repository of systematic data describing in detail hydrogen-related undesired events (incidents or accidents). It is an open web-based information system serving various purposes such as a data source for lessons learnt risk communication and partly risk assessment. The paper describes the features of the three HIAD modules – the Data Entry Module (DEM) the Data Retrieval Module (DRM) and the Data Analysis Module (DAM) – and the potential impact the database may have on hydrogen safety. The importance of data quality assurance process is also addressed.
Understanding the Interaction between a Steel Microstructure and Hydrogen
Apr 2018
Publication
The present work provides an overview of the work on the interaction between hydrogen (H) and the steel’s microstructure. Different techniques are used to evaluate the H-induced damage phenomena. The impact of H charging on multiphase high-strength steels i.e. high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and dual phase (DP) is first studied. The highest hydrogen embrittlement resistance is obtained for HSLA steel due to the presence of Ti- and Nb-based precipitates. Generic Fe-C lab-cast alloys consisting of a single phase i.e. ferrite bainite pearlite or martensite and with carbon contents of approximately 0 0.2 and 0.4 wt % are further considered to simplify the microstructure. Finally the addition of carbides is investigated in lab-cast Fe-C-X alloys by adding a ternary carbide forming element to the Fe-C alloys. To understand the H/material interaction a comparison of the available H trapping sites the H pick-up level and the H diffusivity with the H-induced mechanical degradation or H-induced cracking is correlated with a thorough microstructural analysis.
Hydrogen Council Report- Decarbonization Pathways
Jan 2021
Publication
This report shows that low-carbon hydrogen supply at scale is economically and environmentally feasible and will have significant societal benefits if the right localised approach and best-practices for production are used. The report also demonstrates that there is not one single hydrogen production pathway to achieve low lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but rather the need for a fact-based approach that leverages regional resources and includes a combination of different production pathways. This will achieve both emission and cost reductions ultimately helping to decarbonize the energy system and limit global warming.
In 2020 more than 15 countries launched major hydrogen plans and policies and industry players announced new projects of more than 35GW until 2030. As this hydrogen momentum accelerates it is increasingly clear that decision makers must put the focus on decarbonization to ensure hydrogen can fulfil its potential as a key solution in the global clean energy transition making a significant contribution to net zero emissions. To support this effort the two-part Hydrogen Council report provides new data based on an assessment of the GHG emissions generated through different hydrogen supply pathways and the lifecycle GHG emissions for different hydrogen applications (see report part 1 – A Life-cycle Assessment). In addition the report explores 3 hypothetical hydrogen supply scenarios to measure the feasibility and impact of deploying renewable and low-carbon hydrogen at scale (report part 2 – Potential Supply Scenarios).
The report outlines that there are many ways of producing hydrogen and although GHG emissions vary widely very high CO2 savings can be achieved across a broad range of different hydrogen production pathways and end-uses. For example while “green” hydrogen produced through water electrolysis with renewable power achieves the lowest emissions “blue” hydrogen produced from natural gas with high CO2 capture rate and storage can also achieve low emissions if best technologies are used and best practices are followed. Across eight illustrative pathways explored in the report analysis shows that if hydrogen is used significant GHG emission reductions can be made: as much as 60-90% or more compared to conventional fossil alternatives. The study also looked into the gross water demand of hydrogen supply pathways. Water electrolysis has a very low specific water demand of 9 kg per kg of hydrogen compared to cooling of thermal power plants (hundreds of kg/kg) or biomass cultivation (hundreds to thousands of kg/kg).
Furthermore low-carbon hydrogen supply at scale is fully achievable. Having investigated two hypothetical boundary scenarios (a “green-only” and a “blue-only” scenario) to assess the feasibility and impact of decarbonized hydrogen supply the report found that both scenarios are feasible: they are not limited by the world’s renewables potential or carbon sequestration (CCS) capacities and they do not exceed the speed at which industry can scale. In the Hydrogen Council’s “Scaling up” study a demand of 21800 TWh hydrogen has been identified for the year 2050. To achieve this a compound annual growth rate of 30-35% would be needed for electrolysers and CCS. This deployment rate is in line with the growth of the offshore wind and solar PV industry over the last decade.
Hydrogen Council data released in January 2020 showed that a wide range of hydrogen applications can become competitive by 2030 driven also by falling costs of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen[1]. The new study indicates that a combination of “green” and “blue” production pathways would lead to hydrogen cost reductions relative to either boundary scenario. By making use of the near-term cost advantage of “blue” while also scaling up “green” hydrogen as the most cost-efficient option in many regions in the medium and long-term the combined approach lowers average hydrogen costs between now and 2050 relative to either boundary scenario.
Part 1 – A Life-cycle Assessment
You can download the full reports from the Hydrogen Council website
Hydrogen Council Report- Decarbonization Pathways Part 1: Life Cycle Assessment here
Hydrogen Council Report-Decarbonization Pathways Part 2: Supply Scenarios here
An executive summary of the whole project can be found here
In 2020 more than 15 countries launched major hydrogen plans and policies and industry players announced new projects of more than 35GW until 2030. As this hydrogen momentum accelerates it is increasingly clear that decision makers must put the focus on decarbonization to ensure hydrogen can fulfil its potential as a key solution in the global clean energy transition making a significant contribution to net zero emissions. To support this effort the two-part Hydrogen Council report provides new data based on an assessment of the GHG emissions generated through different hydrogen supply pathways and the lifecycle GHG emissions for different hydrogen applications (see report part 1 – A Life-cycle Assessment). In addition the report explores 3 hypothetical hydrogen supply scenarios to measure the feasibility and impact of deploying renewable and low-carbon hydrogen at scale (report part 2 – Potential Supply Scenarios).
The report outlines that there are many ways of producing hydrogen and although GHG emissions vary widely very high CO2 savings can be achieved across a broad range of different hydrogen production pathways and end-uses. For example while “green” hydrogen produced through water electrolysis with renewable power achieves the lowest emissions “blue” hydrogen produced from natural gas with high CO2 capture rate and storage can also achieve low emissions if best technologies are used and best practices are followed. Across eight illustrative pathways explored in the report analysis shows that if hydrogen is used significant GHG emission reductions can be made: as much as 60-90% or more compared to conventional fossil alternatives. The study also looked into the gross water demand of hydrogen supply pathways. Water electrolysis has a very low specific water demand of 9 kg per kg of hydrogen compared to cooling of thermal power plants (hundreds of kg/kg) or biomass cultivation (hundreds to thousands of kg/kg).
Furthermore low-carbon hydrogen supply at scale is fully achievable. Having investigated two hypothetical boundary scenarios (a “green-only” and a “blue-only” scenario) to assess the feasibility and impact of decarbonized hydrogen supply the report found that both scenarios are feasible: they are not limited by the world’s renewables potential or carbon sequestration (CCS) capacities and they do not exceed the speed at which industry can scale. In the Hydrogen Council’s “Scaling up” study a demand of 21800 TWh hydrogen has been identified for the year 2050. To achieve this a compound annual growth rate of 30-35% would be needed for electrolysers and CCS. This deployment rate is in line with the growth of the offshore wind and solar PV industry over the last decade.
Hydrogen Council data released in January 2020 showed that a wide range of hydrogen applications can become competitive by 2030 driven also by falling costs of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen[1]. The new study indicates that a combination of “green” and “blue” production pathways would lead to hydrogen cost reductions relative to either boundary scenario. By making use of the near-term cost advantage of “blue” while also scaling up “green” hydrogen as the most cost-efficient option in many regions in the medium and long-term the combined approach lowers average hydrogen costs between now and 2050 relative to either boundary scenario.
Part 1 – A Life-cycle Assessment
- The life-cycle assessment (LCA) analysis in this study addresses every aspect of the supply chain from primary energy extraction to end use. Eight primary-energy-to-hydrogen value chains have been selected for illustrative purposes.
- Across the hydrogen pathways and applications depicted very high to high GHG emission reduction can be demonstrated using green (solar wind) and blue hydrogen.
- In the LCA study renewables + electrolysis shows strongest GHG reduction of the different hydrogen supply pathways assessed in this study with a best-case blue hydrogen pathway also coming into the same order of magnitude.
- Currently the vast majority of hydrogen is produced by fossil pathways. To achieve a ten-fold build-out of hydrogen supply by 2050 as envisaged by the Hydrogen Council in its ‘Scaling Up’ report (2017) the existing use of hydrogen – and all its many potential new roles – need to be met by decarbonized sources.
- Three hypothetical supply scenarios with decarbonized hydrogen sources are considered in the study: 1) a “green-only” renewables-based world; 2) a “blue-only” world relying on carbon sequestration; and 3) a combined scenario that uses a region-specific combination of green and blue hydrogen based on the expected regional cost development of each source.
- The study finds that a decarbonized hydrogen supply is possible regardless of the production pathway: while both the green and blue boundary scenario would be highly ambitious regarding the required speed of scale-up they do not exceed the world’s resources on either renewable energy or carbon sequestration capabilities.
- A combination of production pathways would result in the least-cost global supply over the entire period of scale-up. It does so by making best use of the near-term cost advantage of “blue” in some regions while simultaneously achieving a scale-up in electrolysis.
- In reality the decarbonized supply scenario will combine a range of different renewable and low-carbon hydrogen production pathways that are optimally suited to local conditions political and societal preferences and regulations as well as industrial and cost developments for different technologies.
You can download the full reports from the Hydrogen Council website
Hydrogen Council Report- Decarbonization Pathways Part 1: Life Cycle Assessment here
Hydrogen Council Report-Decarbonization Pathways Part 2: Supply Scenarios here
An executive summary of the whole project can be found here
How EU Legislation Can Drive an Uptake of Sustainable Advanced Fuels in Aviation
Jul 2020
Publication
The report calls for a focus on new advanced alternative fuels in particular synthetic kerosene (efuels) which have the capacity to substantially reduce emissions and be scaled up to meet the fuel demands of the sector.
For aviation to reach zero emissions sustainable advanced fuels are needed to replace fossil kerosene currently used by the sector. The European Green Deal (EGD) includes a legislative proposal which would bring about a long overdue development and uptake of such fuels for the sector that legislative proposal is now being developed under the EU’s ReFuelEU initiative. However this initiative will only succeed if its support is limited to those fuels which can truly deliver emission reductions and which can be scaled up sustainably to meet the demand from the aviation sector. The paper recommends how such objectives can be achieved.
The ReFuelEU proposal should focus on these fuels with an ambitious programme combining mandates with financial support so that Europe's aviation sector is put on a pathway to net zero emissions.
Link to document download on Transport & Environment Website
For aviation to reach zero emissions sustainable advanced fuels are needed to replace fossil kerosene currently used by the sector. The European Green Deal (EGD) includes a legislative proposal which would bring about a long overdue development and uptake of such fuels for the sector that legislative proposal is now being developed under the EU’s ReFuelEU initiative. However this initiative will only succeed if its support is limited to those fuels which can truly deliver emission reductions and which can be scaled up sustainably to meet the demand from the aviation sector. The paper recommends how such objectives can be achieved.
The ReFuelEU proposal should focus on these fuels with an ambitious programme combining mandates with financial support so that Europe's aviation sector is put on a pathway to net zero emissions.
Link to document download on Transport & Environment Website
Hydrogen, the First Element Podcast - Episode 4: Reskill to Repower - Preparing the Hydrogen Workforce
Dec 2022
Publication
During her State of the Union Address the President of the European Commission Ursula Von der Leyen defined 2023 as the "European Year of Skills" highlighting the urgency to overcome the shortage of skilled workforce in Europe a challenge that affects the hydrogen sector as well. The rapid development of the European Hydrogen Value Chain over the coming years is expected to generate approximately 1 million highly skilled jobs by 2030 and up to 5.4 million by 2050. In the fourth episode titled "Reskill to Repower: Preparing the Hydrogen workforce" our Chief Technology & Market Officer Stephen Jackson discusses with Massimo Valsania VP of Engineering at EthosEnergy and Co-chair of Hydrogen Europe Skills Working Group. Starting off with Massimo's professional background and his current role in our association the two speakers discussed the skills needed in the hydrogen economy and the policies that should be put in place to attract new generations.
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Observatory Hydrogen Molecule Market Report
Sep 2021
Publication
The purpose of the hydrogen molecule market analysis is to track changes in the structure of hydrogen supply and demand in Europe. This report is mainly focused on presenting the current landscape - that will allow for future year-on-year comparisons in order to assess the progress Europe is making with regards to deployment of clean hydrogen production capacities as well as development of demand for clean hydrogen from emerging new hydrogen applications in the mobility sector or in industry. The following report summarizes the hydrogen molecule market landscape and contains data about hydrogen production and consumption in the EEA countries (EU countries together with Switzerland Norway Iceland and Liechtenstein). Hydrogen production capacity is presented by country and by technology whereas the hydrogen consumption data is presented by country and by end-use sector. The analysis undertaken for this report was completed using data available at the end of 2019. Hydrogen market (on both the demand and supply side) is dominated by ammonia and refining industries with three countries (DE NL PL) responsible for almost half hydrogen consumption. Today hydrogen is overwhelmingly produced by reforming of fossil fuels (mostly natural gas). Clean hydrogen production capacities are insignificant with blue hydrogen capacities at below 1% and green hydrogen production capacity below 0.1% of total.
Hydrogen Europe Podcast: Wind and Hydrogen - Delivering REPower EU
Jun 2022
Publication
In this episode of Hydrogen Europe's podcast "Hydrogen the first element" our CEO Jorgo Chatzimarkakis discusses with Wind Europe's CEO Giles Dickson. Starting off on how Giles joined Wind Europe the two CEOs discuss the responsibilities their industries have in the new energy strategy set in the REPowerEU as well as the fruitful synergies between hydrogen and wind.
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