Publications

Initiated in 2011 the 2012 programme review edition covered 71‘live’ projects from the 2008 2009 and 2010 calls for proposals together with some projects from the 2011 call. Total funding for these projects stands at close to € 450 million 50% of which comes from FCH JU financial contributions and 50% of which comes from industry and research in-kind contributions.

In a future fossil-free circular economy the petroleum-based plastics industry must be converted to non-fossil feedstock. A known alternative is bio-based plastics but a relatively unexplored option is deriving the key plastic building blocks hydrogen and carbon from electricity through electrolytic processes combined with carbon capture and utilization technology. In this paper the future demand for electricity and carbon dioxide is calculated under the assumption that all plastic production is electricity-based in the EU by 2050. The two most important input chemicals are ethylene and propylene and the key finding of this paper is that the electricity demand to produce these are estimated to 20 MWh/ton ethylene and 38 MWh/ton propylene and that they both could require about 3 tons of carbon dioxide/ton product. With constant production levels this implies an annual demand of about 800 TWh of electricity and 90 Mton of carbon dioxide by 2050 in the EU. If scaled to the total production of plastics including all input hydrocarbons in the EU the annual demand is estimated to 1600 TWh of electricity and 180 Mton of carbon dioxide. This suggests that a complete shift to electricity-based plastics is possible from a resource and technology point of view but production costs may be 2 to 3 times higher than today. However the long time frame of this paper creates uncertainties regarding the results and how technical economic and social development may influence them. The conclusion of this paper is that electricity-based plastics integrated with bio-based production can be an important option in 2050 since biomass resources are scarce but electricity from renewable sources is abundant.

Imbalance costs caused by forecasting errors are considerable for grid-connected wind farms. In order to reduce such costs two onsite storage technologies i.e. power-to-hydrogen-to-power and lithium battery are investigated considering 14 uncertain technological and economic parameters. Probability density distributions of wind forecasting errors and power level are first considered to quantify the imbalance and excess wind power. Then robust optimal sizing of the onsite storage is performed under uncertainty to maximize wind-farm profit (the net present value). Global sensitivity analysis is further carried out for parameters prioritization to highlight the key influential parameters. The results show that the profit of power-to-hydrogen-to-power case is sensitive to the hydrogen price wind forecasting accuracy and hydrogen storage price. When hydrogen price ranges in (2 6) €/kg installing only electrolyzer can earn profits over 100 k€/MWWP in 9% scenarios with capacity below 250 kW/MWWP under high hydrogen price (over 4 €/kg); while installing only fuel cell can achieve such high profits only in 1.3% scenarios with capacity below 180 kW/MWWP. Installing both electrolyzer and fuel cell (only suggested in 22% scenarios) results in profits below 160 k€/MWWP and particularly 20% scenarios allow for a profit below 50 k€/MWWP due to the contradictory effects of wind forecasting error hydrogen and electricity price. For lithium battery investment cost is the single highly influential factor which should be reduced to 760 €/kWh. The battery capacity is limited to 88 kW h/MWWP. For profits over 100 k€/MWWP (in 3% scenarios) the battery should be with an investment cost below 510 €/kWh and a depth of discharge over 63%. The power-to-hydrogen-to-power case is more advantageous in terms of profitability reliability and utilization factor (full-load operating hours) while lithium battery is more helpful to reduce the lost wind and has less environmental impact considering current hydrogen market.

In Poland lignocellulose wastes constitute about 43% of municipal waste (∼4 417 Gg). Anaerobic and/or dark fermentation are sustainable methods of lignocellulosic waste-management and contribute greatly to ever increasing demand for energy and products. This paper presents the results of the theoretical potential of methane and hydrogen yields from lignocellulosic wastes. Also state-of-the-art methods in the field of lignocellulose fermentation as well as its development and pretreatment are discussed. The main reason for applying pretreatment is the decomposition (decrystallization) of cellulose and hemicellulose and cleavage of polymers into monomers which may be more easily digested by bacteria in DF and AD fermentation processes. At current price levels the cheapest methods are basic and acidic pretreatments. Acidic pretreatment is very efficient (especially using sulfuric acids) solubilizing up to 80% of lignocellulose but strong acids produce inhibitors and are highly corrosive. Alkaline pretreatment is a competitive and even more efficient (>80%) method to acidic pretreatment especially for some rigid materials that acid cannot solubilize. Oxidative pretreatment is usually expensive but can support the sacharisation process by either alkaline or acidic methods; in the case of NMMO efficiency reaching 82%. Ion-liquid pretreatment is selective (almost 100% sacharisation) but very costly and is too expensive for hydrogen production. The last methods can be profitable if some valuable by-products results. An efficient chemical pretreatment should be preceded by physical comminution e.g. mechanical which is the cheapest one.

Alkaline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources is one of the most promising strategies for environmentally friendly hydrogen production. However wind and solar energy sources are highly dependent on weather conditions. As a result power fluctuations affect the electrolyzer and cause several negative effects. Considering these limiting effects which reduce the water electrolysis efficiency a novel operation strategy is proposed in this study. It is based on pumping the electrolyte according to the current density supplied by a solar PV module in order to achieve the suitable fluid dynamics conditions in an electrolysis cell. To this aim a mathematical model including the influence of electrode-membrane distance temperature and electrolyte flow rate has been developed and used as optimization tool. The obtained results confirm the convenience of the selected strategy especially when the electrolyzer is powered by renewable energies.

Hydrolysis of Mg-based materials is considered as a potential means of safe and convenient real-time control of H₂ release enabling efficient loading discharge and utilization of hydrogen in portable electronic devices. At present work the hydrogen generation properties of MgLi-graphite composites were evaluated for the first time. The MgLi-graphite composites with different doping amounts of expanded graphite (abbreviated as EG hereinafter) were synthesized through ball milling and the hydrogen behaviors of the composites were investigated in chloride solutions. Among the above doping systems the 10 wt% EG-doped MgLi exhibited the best hydrogen performance in MgCl₂ solutions. In particular the 22 h-milled MgLi-10 wt% EG composites possessed both desirable hydrogen conversion and rapid reaction kinetics delivering a hydrogen yield of 966 mL H₂ g⁻¹ within merely 2 min and a maximum hydrogen generation rate of 1147 mL H₂ min⁻¹ g⁻¹ as opposed to the sluggish kinetics in the EG-free composites. Moreover the EG-doped MgLi showed superior air-stable ability even under a 75 RH% ambient atmosphere. For example the 22 h-milled MgLi-10 wt% EG composites held a fuel conversion of 89% after air exposure for 72 h rendering it an advantage for Mg-based materials to safely store and transfer in practical applications. The similar favorable hydrogen performance of MgLi-EG composites in (simulate) seawater may shed light on future development of hydrogen generation technologies.

Solutions that simulate hydrometallurgical base metal process streams with high nickel (Ni) and minor platinum (Pt) concentrations were used to create Pt/Ni nanoparticles on TiO₂ nanotube surfaces. For this electrochemical deposition – redox replacement (EDRR) was used that also allowed to control the nanoparticle size density and Pt/Ni content of the deposited nanoparticles. The Pt/Ni nanoparticle decorated titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO₂ nanotubes) become strongly activated for photocatalytic hydrogen (H₂) evolution. Moreover EDRR facilitates nanoparticle formation without the need for any additional chemicals and is more effective than electrodeposition alone. Actually a 10000-time enrichment level of Pt took place on the TiO₂ surface when compared to Pt content in the solution with the EDRR method. The results show that hydrometallurgical streams offer great potential as an alternative raw material source for industrial catalyst production when coupled with redox replacement electrochemistry.

The Swedish steel industry stands before a potential transition to drastically lower its CO₂ emissions using direct hydrogen reduction instead of continuing with coke-based blast furnaces. Previous studies have identified hydrogen direct reduction as a promising option. We build upon earlier efforts by performing a technological innovation system study to systematically examine the barriers to a transition to hydrogen direct reduction and by providing deepened quantitative empirics to support the analysis. We also add extended paper and patent analysis methodology which is particularly useful for identifying actors and their interactions in a technological system. We conclude that while the innovation system is currently focused on such a transition notable barriers remain particularly in coordination of the surrounding technical infrastructure and the issue of maintaining legitimacy for such a transition in the likely event that policies to address cost pressures will be required to support this development.

Climate policy objectives require zero emissions across all sectors including steelmaking. The fundamental process changes needed for reaching this target are yet relatively unexplored. In this paper we propose and assess a potential design for a fossil-free steelmaking process based on direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen. We show that hydrogen direct reduction steelmaking needs 3.48 MWh of electricity per tonne of liquid steel mainly for the electrolyser hydrogen production. If renewable electricity is used the process will have essentially zero emissions. Total production costs are in the range of 361–640 EUR per tonne of steel and are highly sensitive to the electricity price and the amount of scrap used. Hydrogen direct reduction becomes cost competitive with an integrated steel plant at a carbon price of 34–68 EUR per tonne CO2 and electricity costs of 40 EUR/MWh. A key feature of the process is flexibility in production and electricity demand which allows for grid balancing through storage of hydrogen and hot-briquetted iron or variations in the share of scrap used.

Flame propagation and acceleration in unobstructed channels/tubes is usually assumed as symmetric. A fully optically accessible narrow channel that allows to perform simultaneous high-speed schlieren visualization from two mutually perpendicular directions was built to asses the validity of the aforementioned assumption. Here we provide experimental evidence of the interesting three-dimensional structures and asymmetries that develop during the acceleration phase and show how these may control detonation onset in N2-diluted stoichiometric H2-O2 mixtures.

Synthetic natural gas (SNG) is one of the promising energy carriers for the excessive electricity generated from variable renewable energy sources. SNG production from renewable H₂ and CO₂  via catalytic CO₂ methanation has gained much attention since CO₂ emissions could be simultaneously reduced. In this study Ni–Fe/(MgAl)O_x alloy catalysts for CO₂ methanation were prepared via hydrotalcite precursors using a rapid coprecipitation method. The effect of total metal concentration on the physicochemical properties and catalytic behavior was investigated. Upon calcination the catalysts showed high specific surface area of above 230 m² g⁻¹. Small particle sizes of about 5 nm were obtained for all catalysts even though the produced catalyst amount was increased by 10 times. The catalysts exhibited excellent space-time yield under very high gas space velocity (34000 h⁻¹) irrespective of the metal concentration. The CO₂ conversions reached 73–79% at 300 °C and CH₄ selectivities were at 93–95%. Therefore we demonstrated the potential of large-scale production of earth-abundant Ni–Fe based catalysts for CO₂ methanation and the Power-to-Gas technology.

The hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis accelerated by localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) was detected by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI-XPS) in this article. This paper synthesized an Ag Nanowire (AgNW) @ WS₂ core-shell structure with an ultra-thin shell of WS₂(3 ∼ 7 nm) and characterized its photocatalytic properties. The AgNW@WS₂ core-shell structure exhibited different surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effects by changing shell thickness indicating that the effect of AgNW could be controlled by WS₂ shell. Furthermore the hydrogen production of AgNW@WS₂ could reach to 356% of that of pure WS₂. The hot electrons arising from the LSPRs effect broke through the Schottky barrier between WS2 and AgNW and transferred to the WS₂ shell whose photocatalytic effect was thus enhanced. In addition when the LSPRs effect was intensified by reducing the shell thickness the hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis was accelerated.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are expected to play an important role in the future and thus have improved significantly over the past years. Hydrogen fuel cell motorcycles with a small container for compressed hydrogen gas have been developed in Japan along with related regulations. As a result national regulations have been established in Japan after discussions with Japanese motorcycle companies stakeholders and experts. The concept of Japanese regulations was proposed internationally and a new international regulation on hydrogen-fueled motorcycles incorporating compressed hydrogen storage systems based on this concept are also established as United Nations Regulation No. 146. In this paper several technical regulations on hydrogen safety specific to fuel cell motorcycles incorporating compressed hydrogen storage systems are summarized. The unique characteristics of these motorcycles e.g. small body light weight and tendency to overturn easily are considered in these regulations.

Variable renewable energy (VRE) is expected to play a major role in the decarbonization of the electricity sector. However decarbonization via VRE requires a fleet of flexible dispatchable plants with low CO2 emissions to supply clean power during times with limited wind and sunlight. These plants will need to operate at reduced capacity factors with frequent ramps in electricity output posing techno-economic challenges. This study therefore presents an economic assessment of a new near-zero emission power plant designed for this purpose. The gas switching reforming combined cycle (GSR-CC) plant can produce electricity during times of low VRE output and hydrogen during times of high VRE output. This product flexibility allows the plant to operate continuously even when high VRE output makes electricity production uneconomical. Although the CO2 avoidance cost of the GSR-CC plant (€61/ton) was similar to the benchmark post-combustion CO2 capture plant under baseload operation GSR-CC clearly outperformed the benchmark in a more realistic scenario where continued VRE expansion forces power plants into mid-load operation (45% capacity factor). In this scenario GSR-CC promises a 5 %-point higher annualized investment return than the post-combustion benchmark. GSR-CC therefore appears to be a promising concept for a future scenario with high VRE market share and CO2 prices provided that a large market for clean hydrogen is established.

This report contains information on the relative risks of natural gas and hydrogen fires particularly regarding their visibility. The fires considered are those that could occur on the H100 Fife trial network. The H100 Fife project will connect a number of residential houses to 100% hydrogen gas supply. The project includes hydrogen production storage and a new distribution network. From a review of large and small-scale tests and incidents it is concluded that hydrogen flames are likely to be clearly visible for releases above 2 bar particularly for larger release rates. At lower pressures hydrogen flame visibility will be affected by ambient lighting background colour and release orientation although this is also the case for natural gas. Potential safety implications from lack of flame  visibility are that SGN workers other utility workers or members of the public could inadvertently come into contact with an ignited release. However some releases would be detected through noise thrown soil or interaction with objects. From a workshop and review of risk reduction measures and analysis of historical interference damage incidents it is concluded that flames with the potential for reduced visibility are adequately controlled. This is due to the likelihood of such scenarios occurring being low and that the consequences of coming into contact with such a flame are unlikely to be severe. These conclusions are supported by cost-benefit analysis that shows that no additional risk mitigation measures are justified for the H100 project. It is recommended that the cost-benefit analysis is revisited before applying the approach to a network wider than the H100 project. It was observed that the addition of odorant at relevant concentrations did not have an effect on the visibility of hydrogen flames.

This report and any attachment is freely available on the ENA Smarter Networks Portal here. IGEM Members can download the report and any attachment directly by clicking on the pdf icon above.

Gi Editor Sharon Baker-Hallam sits down with Chris Stark CEO of the Committee on Climate Change to talk about this year’s Sir Denis Rooke Memorial Lecture the economic opportunities to be found in going green and why 2020 is a critical year in the ongoing battle against rising global temperatures

Current developments of non-relativistic quantum mechanics appear to predict and reveal counter-intuitive dynamical effects of hydrogen in nanostructured materials that are of considerable importance for basic research as well as for technological applications. In this review the experimental focus is on H₂O and H molecules in carbon nanotubes and other nanocavities that have been experimentally investigated using the well-established technique of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS). For instance the momentum and energy transfers as obtained from the commonly used standard data analysis techniques from a

(I) H₂ molecule in a C-nanotube resulting in a roto-translational motion along the nanotube axis seems to (1) either violate the standard conservation laws or (2) to attribute to the H molecule undergoing translation the effective mass a.m.u. (atomic mass units) instead of the expected 2 a.m.u. A similar striking anomalous effect has been found in the neutron-H scattering from the

(II) H₂O molecules in nano-channels of some solid materials in which O-H stretching vibrations along the channel axis are created.

The results of this scattering process seem to once again either violate the standard conservation laws or to attribute to the effective mass of the struck H₂ molecule as a.m.u. instead of the expected value of 1 a.m.u. We show that these counterintuitive observations from the INS studies have no conventional interpretation within the standard non-relativistic scattering theory. However they can be qualitatively interpreted “from first principles” within the framework of modern theories of

(III) time-symmetric quantum dynamics as provided by the weak values (WV) and two-state- vector formalism (TSVF)

and/or

(IV) quantum correlations especially quantum discord (QD) and quantum thermodynamics (QTD).

The theoretical analysis provides an intuitive understanding of the experimental results gives strong evidence that the nano-structured cavities do represent quantum systems which participate significantly in the dynamics of the neutron-H scattering and surprisingly shows that new physical information can be derived from the experimental data. This latter point may also have far-reaching consequences for technology and material sciences (e.g. fuel cells H storage materials etc.). Moreover novel insights into the short-lived quantum dynamics and/or quantum information theory can be gained.

The reliable supplies of electricity and hydrogen required for 100% renewable energy systems have been found to be achievable by utilisation of a mix of different resources and storage technologies. In this paper more demanding parameter conditions than hitherto considered are used in measurement of the reliability of variable renewable energy resources. The defined conditions require that supply of baseload electricity (BLEL) and baseload hydrogen (BLH2) occurs solely using cost-optimised configurations of variable photovoltaic solar power onshore wind energy and balancing technologies. The global scenario modelling is based on hourly weather data in a 0.45° × 0.45° spatial resolution. Simulations are conducted for Onsite and Coastal Scenarios from 2020 to 2050 in 10-year time-steps. The results show that for 7% weighted average cost of capital Onsite BLEL can be generated at less than 119 54 41 and 33 €/MWhel in 2020 2030 2040 and 2050 respectively across the best sites with a maximum 20000 TWh annual cumulative generation potential. Up to 20000 TWhH2HHV Onsite BLH2 can be produced at less than 66 48 40 and 35 €/MWhH2HHV in 2020 2030 2040 and 2050 respectively. A partially flexible electricity demand at 8000 FLh could significantly reduce the costs of electricity supply in the studied scenario. Along with battery storage power-to-hydrogen-to-power is found to have a major role in supply of BLEL beyond 2030 as both a daily and seasonal balancing solution. Batteries are not expected to have a significant role in the provision of electricity to water electrolysers.

The key direction of political actions in the field of sustainable development of the energy sector and economy is the process of energy transformation (decarbonization) and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the supply of primary energy. Regardless of the indisputable advantages RES are referred to as unstable energy sources. A possible solution might be the development of the concept of hydrogen supply chains especially the so-called green hydrogen obtained in the process of electrolysis from electricity produced from RES. The aim of the research undertaken in the article is to identify the scope of research carried out in the area of hydrogen supply chains and to link this research with the issues of the operation of electricity distribution networks powered by RES. As a result of the scoping review and the application of the text-mining method using the IRaMuTeQ tool which includes the analysis of the content of 12 review articles presenting the current research achievements in this field over the last three years (2016–2020) it was established that the issues related to hydrogen supply chains including green hydrogen are still not significantly associated with the problem of the operation of power grids. The results of the conducted research allow formulating recommendations for further research areas.

The Paris Agreement has set the goal of carbon neutrality to cope with global climate change. China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 which will strategically change everything in our society. As the main source of carbon emissions the consumption of fossil energy is the most profoundly affected by carbon neutrality. This work presents an analysis of how China can achieve its goal of carbon neutrality based on its status of fossil energy utilization. The significance of transforming fossils from energy to resource utilization in the future is addressed while the development direction and key technologies are discussed.

Power-to-gas is a key area of interest for decarbonisation and increasing flexibility in energy systems as it has the potential both to absorb renewable electricity at times of excess supply and to provide backup energy at times of excess demand. By integrating power-to-gas with the natural gas grid it is possible to exploit the inherent linepack flexibility of the grid and shift some electricity variability onto the gas grid. Furthermore provided the gas injected into the gas grid is low-carbon such as hydrogen from renewable power-to-gas then overall greenhouse gas emissions from the gas grid can be reduced.<br/>This work presents the first review of power-to-gas to consider real-life projects economic assessments and systems modelling studies and to compare them based on scope assumptions and outcomes. The review focuses on power-to-gas for injection into the gas grid as this application has specific economic technical and modelling opportunities and challenges.<br/>The review identified significant interest in and potential for power-to-gas in combination with the gas grid however there are still challenges to overcome to find profitable business cases and manage local and system-wide technical issues. Whilst significant modelling of power-to-gas has been undertaken more is needed to fully understand the impacts of power-to-gas and gas grid injection on the operational behaviour of the gas grid taking into account dynamic and spatial effects.

Hydrogen production from surplus solar electricity as energy storage for export purposes can push towards large-scale application of solar energy in the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East region; this region’s properties of high solar irradiance and vast empty lands provide a good fit for solar technologies such as concentrated solar power and photovoltaics. However a thorough comparison between the two solar technologies as well as investigating the infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates for a well-to-ship hydrogen pathway is yet to be fully carried out. Therefore in this study we aim to provide a full model for solar hydrogen production and delivery by evaluating the potential of concentrated solar power and photovoltaics in the UAE then comparing two different pathways for hydrogen delivery based on the location of hydrogen production sites. A Solid Oxide Cell Electrolyzer (SOEC) is used for technical comparison while the shortest routes for hydrogen transport were analyzed using Geographical Information System (GIS). The results show that CSP technology coupled with SOEC is the most favorable pathway for large-scale hydrogen from solar energy production in the UAE for export purposes. Although PV has a slightly higher electricity potential compared to CSP around 42 GWh/km2 to 41.1 GWh/km2 respectively CSP show the highest productions rates of over 6 megatons of hydrogen when the electrolyzer is placed at the same site as the CSP plant while PV generates 5.15 megatons when hydrogen is produced at the same site with PV plants; meanwhile hydrogen from PV and CSP shows similar levels of 4.8 and 4.6 megatons of hydrogen respectively when electrolyzers are placed at port sites. Even considering the constraints in the UAE’s infrastructure and suggesting new shorter electrical transmission lines that could save up to 0.1 megatons of hydrogen in the second pathway production at the same site with CSP is still the most advantageous scenario.

Hydrogen (H2) as a cleaner fuel has been suggested as a viable method of achieving the decarbonization objectives and meeting increasing global energy demand. However successful implementation of a full-scale hydrogen economy requires large-scale hydrogen storage (as hydrogen is highly compressible). A potential solution to this challenge is injecting hydrogen into geologic formations from where it can be withdrawn again at later stages for utilization purposes. The geostorage capacity of a porous formation is a function of its wetting characteristics which strongly influence residual saturations fluid flow rate of injection rate of withdrawal and containment security. However literature severely lacks information on hydrogen wettability in realistic geological and caprock formations which contain organic matter (due to the prevailing reducing atmosphere). We therefore measured advancing (θa) and receding (θr) contact angles of mica substrates at various representative thermo-physical conditions (pressures 0.1-25 MPa temperatures 308–343 K and stearic acid concentrations of 10−9 - 10−2 mol/L). The mica exhibited an increasing tendency to become weakly water-wet at higher temperatures lower pressures and very low stearic acid concentration. However it turned intermediate-wet at higher pressures lower temperatures and increasing stearic acid concentrations. The study suggests that the structural H2 trapping capacities in geological formations and sealing potentials of caprock highly depend on the specific thermo-physical condition. Thus this novel data provides a significant advancement in literature and will aid in the implementation of hydrogen geo-storage at an industrial scale.

Membrane reactors for hydrogen production can increase both the hydrogen production efficiency at small scale and the electric efficiency in micro-cogeneration systems when coupled with Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells. This paper discusses the achievements of three European projects (FERRET FluidCELL BIONICO) which investigate the application of the membrane reactor concept to hydrogen production and micro-cogeneration systems using both natural gas and biofuels (biogas and bio-ethanol) as feedstock. The membranes used to selectively separate hydrogen from the other reaction products (CH4 CO2 H2O etc.) are of asymmetric type with a thin layer of Pd alloy (<5 μm) and supported on a ceramic porous material to increase their mechanical stability. In FERRET the flexibility of the membrane reactor under diverse natural gas quality is validated. The reactor is integrated in a micro-CHP system and achieves a net electric efficiency of about 42% (8% points higher than the reference case). In FluidCELL the use of bio-ethanol as feedstock for micro-cogeneration Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane based system is investigated in off-grid applications and a net electric efficiency around 40% is obtained (6% higher than the reference case). Finally BIONICO investigates the hydrogen production from biogas. While BIONICO has just started FERRET and FluidCELL are in their third year and the two prototypes are close to be tested confirming the potentiality of membrane reactor technology at small scale.

The establishment of a strong hydrogen economy nationally and locally is a very real opportunity and one that is rapidly becoming within reach.<br/>This report presents a vision for the role that hydrogen could play specifically in South Yorkshire (UK) to help meet carbon reduction targets and contribute to the health and economic prosperity of the region.<br/>It also highlights five themes as levers of growth and explores potential actions and collaborations as well as a list of ambitions for future hydrogen projects. Hydrogen can be used in transport industry and heating. Synergies need exploring for example the by-product of oxygen from hydrogen production can be used by industry. Aggregating opportunities is important in developing a hydrogen economy.<br/>The report concludes with a call to action to build momentum for the South Yorkshire hydrogen economy and accelerate the drive to net zero emissions particularly in the most challenging sectors.<br/>This South Yorkshire specific report supports our global thought piece Establishing a Hydrogen Economy: The future of energy 2035